HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide With Solutions

HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide With Solutions Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) - ANS Dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) - ANS Monocytes and neutrophils Phagocytic immune cells (2 types) - ANS Macrophages and neutrophils Difference between macrophages and neutrophils? - ANS Neutrophils are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after eating a microbe; macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic cells and waste General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells release them?) - ANS Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. Pro-inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel endothelium to recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon activation? - ANS Mast cell Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood vessel walls? - ANS Adhesion molecules E-Selectin - ANS An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down circulating leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction) E-Selectin Ligand - ANS A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes that helps them stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response ICAM-1 - ANS An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes bind to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity interaction) Integrins (and the name of a specific one) - ANS A class of adhesion molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response Stable Arrest - ANS When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop within the endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can enter the tissue Pus - ANS Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result of an inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils) Psoriasis overview - ANS Autoimmune disease that can cause skin plaques and arthritis; Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating into the skin and initiating an inflammatory response Psoriasis risk factors - ANS History of strep infections, skin injury, first degree relative with psoriasis