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Social Psychology
Class Psychology Foundations: The Social Self
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W147ybOdgpE https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/osi04.soc.ush.civil
lesson/#.WzsnudIzbb0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAX9b7agT9o https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=NyDDyT1lDhA https://d3cgwrxphz0fqu.cloudfront.net/77/22/77221c689f0d3dc3e2585f21c1c52192bf0df42a?res
disposition=inline%3Bfilename%3D%22PSY4122_Social.pdf%22&response-content-
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Materials IDvq35bwQTCee4VQVbyYOAdaoh8aUgEiq3kwwxjWQYOqE2MAaA9TJKL0V5iKgzBUBOh2MdI9c3r6jjlMFm63SP
RknJSkOfw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJRIEZFHR4FGFTJHA https://d3cgwrxphz0fqu.cloudfront.net/6e/31/6e31a5f3ea
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Id=APKAJRIEZFHR4FGFTJHA https://youtu.be/0tcotBW_teg?list=PLLcM6ovOv3cnxQs6r9np8c-sTmLBJ7pXX
Reviewed
Learning Outcomes:
1. Define social psychology.
2. Discuss specific examples of how social psychologists have investigated social influences on behaviour.
3. Explain how the process of social influence can lead to social facilitation (or social disruption).
4. Outline the factors that contribute to conformity and obedience.
5. Describe key pioneering experiments that have examined conformity and obedience.
6. Identify mental and behavioural changes that can occur when individuals see themselves as part of a group.
7. Identify factors that can make someone more or less likely to engage in helping behaviour or aggression, as well as the theo
8. Analyse the processes of prejudice and discrimination, including the effect they have on the target individual or group, and s
Learning Outcome 1: Define social psychology.
The study of how people influence others.
behaviour
beliefs
attitude
(for good or bad)
Social psychology helps us to understand why many form of social influences are so powerful. Social psychology allows to enlig
Social psychology also understand why we tend to blindly accept irrational and even pseudoscientific beliefs.
The importance of the study of social psychology is because we as humans are social species and have the tendency to natura
Note: Research shows that we tend to believe that ‘others’ are vulnerable to social influences, BUT we DON’T BELIEVE
Learning Module 2: Discuss specific examples of how social psychologists have investigated social influences on behaviour.
1. Dunbar (1993) - Gravitating to each other:
a. This study has shown that humans social brains are predisposed to forming intimate interpersonal relationships/ networ
b. the ‘magic number’ of 150 people which is the approx. size of most human social groups.
2. Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary (1995) The Need to Belong:
Social Psychology 1
, a. Need to belong theory
b. biological base need for interpersonal connections
c. we seek out social bonds and when we cannot, we suffer negative psychological and physiological consequences
d. Why the need to belong?
Humans have a biological base need for interpersonal bonds
Does rejection hurt?
Ball-toss game experiment: even implicit exclusion generated the ‘pain’ signal
Exclusion: Increased activity in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during exclusion
Increased activity in right ventral prefrontal cortex during exclusion relative to inclusion.
This trivial showed that it led to people’s low self-esteem and sense of meaningfulness and made them feel dehuma
Participants reported feelings rejection, social pain, sadness and anger.
Hence, research has found that the same region that is activates when someone experiences physical pain is the sa
The power of social need:
Consequences of social isolation: Amazingly, exclusion hurts when it is perpetrated by people we despise which re
mood and anxiety problem - John Cacioppo suggests that long-term loneliness can exert negative and at times
Increase in loneliness is linked to heightened rates of depression. this is a correlational study hence, no cau
However, loneliness does predict early death, cognitive decline and perhaps increased risk of Alzheimer's -
engagement in unhealthy behaviours - impairs performance in their IQ tests and increases aggression.
Evolution and social behaviour:
Unhealthy forms of social behaviour such as - unquestionable acceptance of authority figures which can led to foolis
An evolutionary perspective on social behaviour leads us to one critical conclusion: conformity, obedience and many
From this standpoint, irrational group behaviour— like the disastrous obedience of thousands of German citizens d
The massive genocide in Sudan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries and
The terrorism of ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) in more recent years— are by-products of basically adapti
Social comparison - Where do I stand?
Social comparison theory - we evaluate our beliefs, attitude and abilities by comparing our reactions to those of othe
when the situation is ambiguous we look to others for guidance and what we ‘do believe’ is what we act.
social comparison comes in two different ways:
1. upward social comparison - we compare ourselves with others who seem superior to us in some way. “looking up” to
2. downward social comparison - when we compare ourselves to others who seem to be inferior to us in some way. “fe
despite the difference of both, they both can boost our self-concept.
Videos form this week’s pre-class prep:
1. Asch’s conformity experiment
2. Stanford Prison Experiment
3. Jane Elliot - Brown eyes and blue eyes prejudice experiment in children
4. Milgram’s Obedience study
Learning Outcome 3: Explain how the process of social influence can lead to social facilitation (or social disruption).
Social Contagion - looking to others when situations are ambiguous and we are not sure what to do.
mass hysteria - outbreak of irrational behaviour that is spread by social contagion.
Social Facilitation - enhancement of performance brought about by the presence of others
Attribution - process of assigning cause to behaviour
Social Psychology 2
Social Psychology
Class Psychology Foundations: The Social Self
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W147ybOdgpE https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/osi04.soc.ush.civil
lesson/#.WzsnudIzbb0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAX9b7agT9o https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=NyDDyT1lDhA https://d3cgwrxphz0fqu.cloudfront.net/77/22/77221c689f0d3dc3e2585f21c1c52192bf0df42a?res
disposition=inline%3Bfilename%3D%22PSY4122_Social.pdf%22&response-content-
type=application%2Fpdf&Expires=1680157320&Signature=b3sd~teKzg4gL4ombdvqme9IkTHTYYcQ~8c9inrCc-
CtQqYObvwwzUecMylOVK9I4U3Uc6LchYuFqQY033eudaE6rlEPNtmxnO6NyLa31PXRb0Q8G1i8E0kgh-read2vA
Materials IDvq35bwQTCee4VQVbyYOAdaoh8aUgEiq3kwwxjWQYOqE2MAaA9TJKL0V5iKgzBUBOh2MdI9c3r6jjlMFm63SP
RknJSkOfw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJRIEZFHR4FGFTJHA https://d3cgwrxphz0fqu.cloudfront.net/6e/31/6e31a5f3ea
disposition=inline%3Bfilename%3D%22PSY4122%20Video%20Transcripts%20for%20Module%201.pdf%22&resp
type=application%2Fpdf&Expires=1680157320&Signature=aAJmDefkDvTgEAoLiWrtp41nhn-51-GcxhLH6RlwEt59
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Id=APKAJRIEZFHR4FGFTJHA https://youtu.be/0tcotBW_teg?list=PLLcM6ovOv3cnxQs6r9np8c-sTmLBJ7pXX
Reviewed
Learning Outcomes:
1. Define social psychology.
2. Discuss specific examples of how social psychologists have investigated social influences on behaviour.
3. Explain how the process of social influence can lead to social facilitation (or social disruption).
4. Outline the factors that contribute to conformity and obedience.
5. Describe key pioneering experiments that have examined conformity and obedience.
6. Identify mental and behavioural changes that can occur when individuals see themselves as part of a group.
7. Identify factors that can make someone more or less likely to engage in helping behaviour or aggression, as well as the theo
8. Analyse the processes of prejudice and discrimination, including the effect they have on the target individual or group, and s
Learning Outcome 1: Define social psychology.
The study of how people influence others.
behaviour
beliefs
attitude
(for good or bad)
Social psychology helps us to understand why many form of social influences are so powerful. Social psychology allows to enlig
Social psychology also understand why we tend to blindly accept irrational and even pseudoscientific beliefs.
The importance of the study of social psychology is because we as humans are social species and have the tendency to natura
Note: Research shows that we tend to believe that ‘others’ are vulnerable to social influences, BUT we DON’T BELIEVE
Learning Module 2: Discuss specific examples of how social psychologists have investigated social influences on behaviour.
1. Dunbar (1993) - Gravitating to each other:
a. This study has shown that humans social brains are predisposed to forming intimate interpersonal relationships/ networ
b. the ‘magic number’ of 150 people which is the approx. size of most human social groups.
2. Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary (1995) The Need to Belong:
Social Psychology 1
, a. Need to belong theory
b. biological base need for interpersonal connections
c. we seek out social bonds and when we cannot, we suffer negative psychological and physiological consequences
d. Why the need to belong?
Humans have a biological base need for interpersonal bonds
Does rejection hurt?
Ball-toss game experiment: even implicit exclusion generated the ‘pain’ signal
Exclusion: Increased activity in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during exclusion
Increased activity in right ventral prefrontal cortex during exclusion relative to inclusion.
This trivial showed that it led to people’s low self-esteem and sense of meaningfulness and made them feel dehuma
Participants reported feelings rejection, social pain, sadness and anger.
Hence, research has found that the same region that is activates when someone experiences physical pain is the sa
The power of social need:
Consequences of social isolation: Amazingly, exclusion hurts when it is perpetrated by people we despise which re
mood and anxiety problem - John Cacioppo suggests that long-term loneliness can exert negative and at times
Increase in loneliness is linked to heightened rates of depression. this is a correlational study hence, no cau
However, loneliness does predict early death, cognitive decline and perhaps increased risk of Alzheimer's -
engagement in unhealthy behaviours - impairs performance in their IQ tests and increases aggression.
Evolution and social behaviour:
Unhealthy forms of social behaviour such as - unquestionable acceptance of authority figures which can led to foolis
An evolutionary perspective on social behaviour leads us to one critical conclusion: conformity, obedience and many
From this standpoint, irrational group behaviour— like the disastrous obedience of thousands of German citizens d
The massive genocide in Sudan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries and
The terrorism of ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) in more recent years— are by-products of basically adapti
Social comparison - Where do I stand?
Social comparison theory - we evaluate our beliefs, attitude and abilities by comparing our reactions to those of othe
when the situation is ambiguous we look to others for guidance and what we ‘do believe’ is what we act.
social comparison comes in two different ways:
1. upward social comparison - we compare ourselves with others who seem superior to us in some way. “looking up” to
2. downward social comparison - when we compare ourselves to others who seem to be inferior to us in some way. “fe
despite the difference of both, they both can boost our self-concept.
Videos form this week’s pre-class prep:
1. Asch’s conformity experiment
2. Stanford Prison Experiment
3. Jane Elliot - Brown eyes and blue eyes prejudice experiment in children
4. Milgram’s Obedience study
Learning Outcome 3: Explain how the process of social influence can lead to social facilitation (or social disruption).
Social Contagion - looking to others when situations are ambiguous and we are not sure what to do.
mass hysteria - outbreak of irrational behaviour that is spread by social contagion.
Social Facilitation - enhancement of performance brought about by the presence of others
Attribution - process of assigning cause to behaviour
Social Psychology 2
