ati pharmacology proctored exam, ATI
Pharmacology Proctor 2019, Complete With
Verified Solution
An immunizing agent that confers active immunity protects by:
providing antibodies obtained from immune humans or animals.
Antacids should be given one hour apart from most other drugs. Which is the
rationale?
Antacids may interfere with absorption of drugs taken at the same time.
Vancomycin should not be used to treat minor infections because it:
can cause "red man syndrome", a hypertensive crisis that is almost always fatal.
The antagonist for a client who has overdosed on morphine is:
narcan.
The most serious adverse reaction to oral contraceptives is:
thromboembolism.
When a client develops tolerance to a drug, the nurse would expect:
higher dose needed to achieve same effect.
Antihyperglycemic agents are prescribed for clients with:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The nurse assesses a client shortly after an intravenous infusion of the osmotic
diuretic mannitol is started. Which finding represents an early adverse effect of
mannitol?
Bounding pulse
Compared to other beta adrenergic blockers, cardioselective beta adrenergic
blockers:
are less likely to cause bronchoconstriction.
A client who experiences motion sickness during airplane flights obtains a
prescription for meclizine (Antivert). When is the best time to take the drug?
One hour before the flight
Before prescribing a cephalosporin, the nurse practitioner asks if the client is
allergic to penicillin. Why is this important to assess?
A client who is allergic to penicillin can have a cross sensitivity to cephalosporins.
The use of which class of antibiotics should be avoided in children?
Tetracyclines
In a walk-in clinic, clients are often given intramuscular injections. Which drug
should be readily available in case a client has an anaphylactic reaction?
Epinephrine
Thiazide and loop (high ceiling) diuretics are similar in that both:
decrease tubular reabsorption of sodium and water.
Which of the statements by the nurse most accurately describes the effects of
declined plasma albumin levels in older adults?
"There is an increased risk for adverse effects."
To prevent oral fungal infections, the nurse should instruct the client who uses a
beclomethasone inhaler to take which action?
,Rinse the mouth after each use.
A client takes ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate (Ortho Tri-Cyclen) birth control pills.
She calls the clinic and relates that she missed her medication yesterday. Which
instructions will the nurse give?
"Take two pills today then continue on a daily basis."
The nurse may administer acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) inhalation to:
facilitate mucus expectoration.
Development of a chronic cough is an adverse effect associated with which class
of anti-hypertensive drugs?
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
The nurse may administer baclofen (Lioresal) for the treatment of which
condition?
Protracted muscle spasticity
Oral diazepam (Valium), a benzodiazepine, has been prescribed for a client who
has anxiety and muscle spasms. Which nursing intervention is appropriate for
the care of this client?
Assess for incoordination and daytime drowsiness.
The nurse practitioner prescribed anhydrous theophylline (Theo-Dur) for the
client with chronic bronchitis. With which disorder would the nurse practitioner
reconsider the use of this medication?
Hypertension
When a client is receiving intravenous fluid with supplementary potassium
chloride, it is especially important for the nurse to monitor for which potential
adverse effect?
Cardiac dsyrhythmias
Which adverse effect is common for a client being treated with the antidepressant
fluoxetine (Prozac)?
Sexual dysfunction
After giving a dose of dextromethorphan, an antitussive, which data reflects
evaluation of the drug's effectiveness?
Client states that cough has been relieved.
Prior to giving a client a dose of digoxin, the nurse counts the apical pulse. If the
rate is 62 bpm and regular, which is the appropriate nursing action?
Give the drug and document the heart rate.
Digoxin is started for a client with an atrial arrhythmia. Within three days, the
client's heart rate has decreased from 94 to 74. What action of digitalis explains
this change?
Slowed impulse conduction
One mechanism by which antihypertensive drugs lower blood pressure is to:
dilate peripheral blood vessels.
There are many agents that are useful in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Which
agent reacts with hydrochloric acid to form a viscous protective barrier over the
ulcer?
Sucralfate (Carafate)
,A client whose asthma has been poorly controlled is prescribed cromolyn sodium
(Intal) for inhalation. Client teaching should include which statement by the
nurse?
"Using this drug regularly will reduce the frequency of acute attacks."
The combination of aluminum and magnesium in many antacids decreases the
risk of:
diarrhea or constipation.
A client who is taking one daily dose of a thiazide diuretic should be instructed
to:
take the medication in morning to avoid nighttime voiding.
Which phase of pharmacokinetics is affected most by abnormal liver function?
Metabolism
A medication order is written for ciprofloxacin (Cipro). For which client should the
nurse question use of this medication?
Child age 10
A home health client tells the nurse that she is taking triamterene (Dyrenium) for
fluid retention. She tells the nurse she is using a salt substitute so she will not
retain so much water. What is the most appropriate nursing response?
"Using a salt substitute with this medication could cause you to have too much
potassium."
Orders are written for anticholinergic drugs for each of the following clients.
Which order should the nurse question?
Atropine combined with opioid analgesics to relieve pain in a 30-year-old client with
urinary calculi.
A client with Type I diabetes mellitus is given an injection of neutral protamine
hagedorn (NPH) insulin at 7:00 a.m. In order to prevent a hypoglycemic reaction,
the client should have:
a mid-afternoon snack.
Why is carbidopa-levodopa preferred over levodopa alone?
It decreases the amount of levodopa needed.
Which findings are most likely in the client who has taken a toxic dose of a
salicylate (aspirin)?
Tinnitus and dizziness
Which nursing intervention is specifically important when a client is taking an
alpha- blocker, such as doxazosin (Cardura) for hypertension?
Teach the client how to manage orthostatic hypotension.
A client reports taking large amounts of vitamins because she believes they
increase her energy level and will prevent various diseases. Client teaching
should include which nursing response?
"Large amounts of fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic."
An elderly client is prescribed a new drug. Because of the age-related changes in
the kidneys and liver, it is most important that the nurse assess for:
signs of drug toxicity.
Evidence of effective treatment with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(NRTI), such as zidovudine is:
decreased HIV RNA level.
, When oral iron supplements are prescribed, client teaching should include the
fact that:
diarrhea or constipation may occur.
If corticosteroids are discontinued abruptly, a problem that may develop is:
adrenal gland shut-down.
An antiulcer drug that forms a gel to coat and protect the ulcer so that healing
can occur is:
sucralfate (Carafate).
The nurse would describe a penicillinase to a client receiving this medication as:
a bacterial enzyme that can inactivate many penicillins.
Drugs given for a systemic effect by any route must be capable of:
distribution throughout the body.
Which statement is made by a client who is experiencing an adverse reaction to
levothyroxine (Synthroid)?
"I feel like my heart is pounding."
Clients receiving intravenous gentamicin (Garamycin) should be assessed
closely for:
hearing loss.
The best laxative for clients who have chronic constipation and cannot or will not
consume adequate dietary fiber is a:
saline cathartic.
The presence of Helicobacter pylori is confirmed in a client with peptic ulcer
disease. The nurse may anticipate the use of multiple antibiotics because:
Helicobacter pylori commonly develop resistance to single drugs.
"A disease process characterized by the continued use of a specific psychoactive
substance despite physical, psychologic, or social harm" is the definition of:
addiction.
Which group may represent an increased risk for substance abuse?
Socioeconomically advantaged clients
The only drug commonly used both to prevent and to treat tuberculosis is:
isoniazid
The most serious adverse reaction to morphine is:
respiratory depression.
A client who has received an injection of regular insulin at 0800 complains of
feeling sweaty, weak, hungry, and shaky two hours after the injection. Which drug
is indicated for this client?
Glucagon
When a client is prescribed an aminoglycoside, such as gentamicin (Garamycin),
which instruction should be included in the teaching plan?
"Report to your health care provider any ringing in your ears."
When a client is being treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) for a
urinary tract infection, it is important to:
maintain good hydration.
Histamine 2 receptor antagonists such as cimetidine (Tagamet) are used to treat
peptic ulcers because they:
neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
Pharmacology Proctor 2019, Complete With
Verified Solution
An immunizing agent that confers active immunity protects by:
providing antibodies obtained from immune humans or animals.
Antacids should be given one hour apart from most other drugs. Which is the
rationale?
Antacids may interfere with absorption of drugs taken at the same time.
Vancomycin should not be used to treat minor infections because it:
can cause "red man syndrome", a hypertensive crisis that is almost always fatal.
The antagonist for a client who has overdosed on morphine is:
narcan.
The most serious adverse reaction to oral contraceptives is:
thromboembolism.
When a client develops tolerance to a drug, the nurse would expect:
higher dose needed to achieve same effect.
Antihyperglycemic agents are prescribed for clients with:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The nurse assesses a client shortly after an intravenous infusion of the osmotic
diuretic mannitol is started. Which finding represents an early adverse effect of
mannitol?
Bounding pulse
Compared to other beta adrenergic blockers, cardioselective beta adrenergic
blockers:
are less likely to cause bronchoconstriction.
A client who experiences motion sickness during airplane flights obtains a
prescription for meclizine (Antivert). When is the best time to take the drug?
One hour before the flight
Before prescribing a cephalosporin, the nurse practitioner asks if the client is
allergic to penicillin. Why is this important to assess?
A client who is allergic to penicillin can have a cross sensitivity to cephalosporins.
The use of which class of antibiotics should be avoided in children?
Tetracyclines
In a walk-in clinic, clients are often given intramuscular injections. Which drug
should be readily available in case a client has an anaphylactic reaction?
Epinephrine
Thiazide and loop (high ceiling) diuretics are similar in that both:
decrease tubular reabsorption of sodium and water.
Which of the statements by the nurse most accurately describes the effects of
declined plasma albumin levels in older adults?
"There is an increased risk for adverse effects."
To prevent oral fungal infections, the nurse should instruct the client who uses a
beclomethasone inhaler to take which action?
,Rinse the mouth after each use.
A client takes ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate (Ortho Tri-Cyclen) birth control pills.
She calls the clinic and relates that she missed her medication yesterday. Which
instructions will the nurse give?
"Take two pills today then continue on a daily basis."
The nurse may administer acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) inhalation to:
facilitate mucus expectoration.
Development of a chronic cough is an adverse effect associated with which class
of anti-hypertensive drugs?
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
The nurse may administer baclofen (Lioresal) for the treatment of which
condition?
Protracted muscle spasticity
Oral diazepam (Valium), a benzodiazepine, has been prescribed for a client who
has anxiety and muscle spasms. Which nursing intervention is appropriate for
the care of this client?
Assess for incoordination and daytime drowsiness.
The nurse practitioner prescribed anhydrous theophylline (Theo-Dur) for the
client with chronic bronchitis. With which disorder would the nurse practitioner
reconsider the use of this medication?
Hypertension
When a client is receiving intravenous fluid with supplementary potassium
chloride, it is especially important for the nurse to monitor for which potential
adverse effect?
Cardiac dsyrhythmias
Which adverse effect is common for a client being treated with the antidepressant
fluoxetine (Prozac)?
Sexual dysfunction
After giving a dose of dextromethorphan, an antitussive, which data reflects
evaluation of the drug's effectiveness?
Client states that cough has been relieved.
Prior to giving a client a dose of digoxin, the nurse counts the apical pulse. If the
rate is 62 bpm and regular, which is the appropriate nursing action?
Give the drug and document the heart rate.
Digoxin is started for a client with an atrial arrhythmia. Within three days, the
client's heart rate has decreased from 94 to 74. What action of digitalis explains
this change?
Slowed impulse conduction
One mechanism by which antihypertensive drugs lower blood pressure is to:
dilate peripheral blood vessels.
There are many agents that are useful in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Which
agent reacts with hydrochloric acid to form a viscous protective barrier over the
ulcer?
Sucralfate (Carafate)
,A client whose asthma has been poorly controlled is prescribed cromolyn sodium
(Intal) for inhalation. Client teaching should include which statement by the
nurse?
"Using this drug regularly will reduce the frequency of acute attacks."
The combination of aluminum and magnesium in many antacids decreases the
risk of:
diarrhea or constipation.
A client who is taking one daily dose of a thiazide diuretic should be instructed
to:
take the medication in morning to avoid nighttime voiding.
Which phase of pharmacokinetics is affected most by abnormal liver function?
Metabolism
A medication order is written for ciprofloxacin (Cipro). For which client should the
nurse question use of this medication?
Child age 10
A home health client tells the nurse that she is taking triamterene (Dyrenium) for
fluid retention. She tells the nurse she is using a salt substitute so she will not
retain so much water. What is the most appropriate nursing response?
"Using a salt substitute with this medication could cause you to have too much
potassium."
Orders are written for anticholinergic drugs for each of the following clients.
Which order should the nurse question?
Atropine combined with opioid analgesics to relieve pain in a 30-year-old client with
urinary calculi.
A client with Type I diabetes mellitus is given an injection of neutral protamine
hagedorn (NPH) insulin at 7:00 a.m. In order to prevent a hypoglycemic reaction,
the client should have:
a mid-afternoon snack.
Why is carbidopa-levodopa preferred over levodopa alone?
It decreases the amount of levodopa needed.
Which findings are most likely in the client who has taken a toxic dose of a
salicylate (aspirin)?
Tinnitus and dizziness
Which nursing intervention is specifically important when a client is taking an
alpha- blocker, such as doxazosin (Cardura) for hypertension?
Teach the client how to manage orthostatic hypotension.
A client reports taking large amounts of vitamins because she believes they
increase her energy level and will prevent various diseases. Client teaching
should include which nursing response?
"Large amounts of fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic."
An elderly client is prescribed a new drug. Because of the age-related changes in
the kidneys and liver, it is most important that the nurse assess for:
signs of drug toxicity.
Evidence of effective treatment with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(NRTI), such as zidovudine is:
decreased HIV RNA level.
, When oral iron supplements are prescribed, client teaching should include the
fact that:
diarrhea or constipation may occur.
If corticosteroids are discontinued abruptly, a problem that may develop is:
adrenal gland shut-down.
An antiulcer drug that forms a gel to coat and protect the ulcer so that healing
can occur is:
sucralfate (Carafate).
The nurse would describe a penicillinase to a client receiving this medication as:
a bacterial enzyme that can inactivate many penicillins.
Drugs given for a systemic effect by any route must be capable of:
distribution throughout the body.
Which statement is made by a client who is experiencing an adverse reaction to
levothyroxine (Synthroid)?
"I feel like my heart is pounding."
Clients receiving intravenous gentamicin (Garamycin) should be assessed
closely for:
hearing loss.
The best laxative for clients who have chronic constipation and cannot or will not
consume adequate dietary fiber is a:
saline cathartic.
The presence of Helicobacter pylori is confirmed in a client with peptic ulcer
disease. The nurse may anticipate the use of multiple antibiotics because:
Helicobacter pylori commonly develop resistance to single drugs.
"A disease process characterized by the continued use of a specific psychoactive
substance despite physical, psychologic, or social harm" is the definition of:
addiction.
Which group may represent an increased risk for substance abuse?
Socioeconomically advantaged clients
The only drug commonly used both to prevent and to treat tuberculosis is:
isoniazid
The most serious adverse reaction to morphine is:
respiratory depression.
A client who has received an injection of regular insulin at 0800 complains of
feeling sweaty, weak, hungry, and shaky two hours after the injection. Which drug
is indicated for this client?
Glucagon
When a client is prescribed an aminoglycoside, such as gentamicin (Garamycin),
which instruction should be included in the teaching plan?
"Report to your health care provider any ringing in your ears."
When a client is being treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) for a
urinary tract infection, it is important to:
maintain good hydration.
Histamine 2 receptor antagonists such as cimetidine (Tagamet) are used to treat
peptic ulcers because they:
neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
