Summary Health and physical education

The Praxis® Study Companion 5 Step 1: Learn About Your Test 1. Learn About Your Test Learn about the specific test you will be taking Health and Physical Education: Content Knowledge (5857) Test at a Glance Test Name Health and Physical Education: Content Knowledge Test Code 5857 Time 130 minutes Number of Questions 130 Format Selected-response questions Test Delivery Computer delivered Approximate Approximate Content Categories Number of Percentage of Questions Examination Health Education I. Health Education as a Discipline/ 26 20% Health Instruction II. Health Education Content 32 25% Physical Education III. Content Knowledge and Student 22 17% Growth and Development IV. Management, Motivation, and 29 22% Communication/Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology V. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment 21 16% V IV III II I About This Test The content knowledge test in Health and Physical Education is designed for prospective teachers of K-12 health and physical education. Examinees typically have completed a bachelor’s degree program in health and physical education, health and exercise science, physical education and wellness, an equivalent degree, or have prepared themselves through some alternative certification program. Fifty-eight of the 130 test questions focus on studies of health, and 72 focus on studies of and experiences in physical education. Teaching standards from the Society of Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE America), formerly the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD), were used to guide the content of the test. NOTE: The recently adopted The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model is an updated expansion of the traditional Coordinated School Health (CSH) approach. In the interest of fairness, and to allow time for educator preparation programs to integrate such changes into their curricula, Praxis material will continue to reference the coordinated school health (CSH) approach until further notice. This test may contain some questions that will not count toward your score. The Praxis® Study Companion 6 Step 1: Learn About Your Test Health Education I. Health Education as a Discipline/Health Instruction A. Health Education as a Discipline 1. Major health behavior theories (e.g., stages of change, behavioral change theory, transtheoretical model, and health belief model) 2. Health-related data using appropriate research methods (e.g., surveys, observations, and questionnaires and using data to draw conclusions) 3. Valid and reliable data sources and databases (e.g., YRBSS, NIH, CDC, SHAPE America, AMA, WHO, and peer-reviewed journals) 4. Tools for conducting an assessment of school health needs (e.g., comprehensive school health plan, surveys, needs assessment, and the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model, formerly the coordinated school (CSH) approach) 5. Curricular and extracurricular programs for student health needs 6. Appropriate educational materials from professional organizations, agencies, and associations that meet the needs of diverse audiences 7. Resources involved in the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model, formerly the coordinated school (CSH) approach 8. Effective communication with school staff, students, parents, and community (e.g., listening, mediating, and negotiating) 9. Professional, legal, and ethical practices regarding sensitive issues (e.g., privacy laws, confidentiality policy, permission forms, and responsibility to report) 10. Models for responsible decision making 11. Concepts of character education 12. Physical growth and development 13. Continuing education and professional development as a health educator B. Health Instruction 1. Assessing learning needs for individuals and diverse groups (e.g., identify developmentally appropriate instruction, cognitive abilities, different approaches to learning, and purposes of pretesting) 2. Sequential instruction planning using performance-based objectives (e.g., identify measurable objectives, performance indicators, elements of effective lesson and unit plans and apply scope and sequence) 3. Aligning curriculum with national, state, and district standards 4. Effective methods, strategies, and techniques to implement instruction (e.g., direct instruction, cooperative learning, guided discovery, brainstorming, and role-playing) 5. Reflective teaching process 6. Assessing student learning (e.g., formative assessments, summative assessments, and rubrics) 7. Classroom management strategies II. Health Education Content A. Health Promotion and Prevention of Injury and Disease 1. Disease etiology, prevention practices, treatment, and management 2. Communicable and noncommunicable diseases (e.g., infectious, congenital, hereditary, and lifestyle) 3. Research on practices that prevent chronic and communicable diseases 4. Goal setting and decision making for healthy lifestyles 5. Concepts of physical fitness and health-related fitness (e.g., body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, and FITT) 6. Nutrition 7. Stress management and coping skills 8. Reducing and preventing health risks 9. Anatomy, physiology, and body system interrelationships Test Specifications Test specifications in this chapter describe the knowledge and skills measured by the test. Study topics to help you prepare to answer test questions can be found on page 33. The Praxis® Study Companion 7 Step 1: Learn About Your Test 10. Personal hygiene 11. Behaviors that can compromise health or safety 12. Relationship between lifestyle choices and health outcomes 13. Effects of substance use and abuse (e.g., physiological, psychological, legal, and societal) 14. Care for injuries and sudden illnesses (e.g., first aid, CPR, AED use, and 911 and emergency services) B. Healthy Relationships/Mental and Emotional Health 1. Factors affecting healthy and unhealthy relationships (e.g., socioeconomics, family dynamics, personality traits, environment, culture, and tolerance/acceptance) 2. Effect of decision-making skills on relationships 3. Psychosocial development throughout life stages (e.g., intellect, relationships, independence, and emotions) 4. Interpersonal communication (e.g., listening, feedback, verbal and nonverbal communication, and group dynamics) 5. Skills that promote healthy interactions (e.g., conflict resolution, assertiveness, and refusal skills) 6. Concepts and issues related to human sexuality (e.g., sexual maturation, sexual identity, media messages, sexual behavior and attitudes, pregnancy and childbirth, sexual orientation, and contraception) 7. Causes, consequences, and prevention of different types of abuse and violence 8. Causes and consequences of various mental and emotional health issues and prevention strategies C. Community Health and Advocacy 1. The concept of individual responsibility to society and the environment 2. Laws and regulations governing health and safety (e.g., disease reporting, immunizations, infectious disease control, and consumer safety) 3. Environmental health issues (e.g., reduce/reuse/ recycle, pollution, energy conservation, and sustainable living) 4. Consumer health issues (e.g., health myths and quackery, affordability, access, health trends, health literacy, and personal health-care management) 5. Valid sources of health information, products, and services 6. Health-related careers 7. Community health agencies available for assistance and referral (e.g., American Red Cross and other national agencies, Planned Parenthood, health departments, social service agencies, school-based health clinics) 8. Factors that influence decision making in health policies (e.g., available resources and demographic, political, and economic factors) 9. Factors that influence the content of school health education (e.g., content standards and demographic, political, and media factors) 10. Methods for delivering appropriate health- promoting messages (e.g., verbal, electronic, print, and community and school events) 11. Opportunities available for health education advocacy (e.g., health fairs, assemblies, professional meetings and conferences, community and school events) 12. Role of the health educator as a liaison between school staff, students, parents, and the community The Praxis® Study Companion 8 Step 1: Learn About Your Test Physical Education III. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development A. Core Concepts...