Community
the larger unit of population
vary in sizes, habitats and number of populations in them
Large communities are independent and self-sufficient but small communities depend on
large ones and are greatly influenced by adjacent communities
Classification of Community
Forests
Grasslands
Logs
Deserts
The communities which are growing through succession or changes are called seral
communities and stable communities are called climax communities.
Community Ecology
the study of the organization and functioning of communities of organisms
also studies the relationships of the members of a community to their environment
usually subdivided according to habitat or biome.
Ecology was recommended by Cornell teacher Robert Whittaker in 1975
Whittaker identified community ecology as an assemblage of living organisms that
connect and form a community with a unique structure and species composition
Community Ecology Examples
A forest community consists of the plant community, all trees, birds, squirrels, deer,
foxes, fungi, fish in a forest stream, insects, and all other species living there or migrating
seasonally
A coral reef community consists of a huge variety of various species of corals, fish, and
algae
Ecological Community Structure
Trophic pyramid - all biological communities have a similar structure
The base of the pyramid in every biological community is composed of species called
autotrophs, organisms that gather sunlight (or in unusual cases, heat) directly through
photosynthesis (or chemosynthesis)
All other organisms in the pyramid are called heterotrophs
, Food Chain: Introduction
All plant and animal species depend partially or totally on another plant or animal for their food.
For example – grass grows due to sunlight, deer eats the grass, and tiger eats the deer.
When the tiger dies, bacteria decompose its body, returning the dead organic matter to the soil,
which provides nutrients for the grass to grow.
A food chain explains which organism eats another organism in the environment.
The food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy is transferred from
one organism to the other.
This occurs when one organism consumes another organism.
It begins with the producer organism, follows the chain and ends with the decomposer organism
Food Chain
A food chain refers to the order of events in an ecosystem, where one living organism eats another
organism, and later that organism is consumed by another larger organism. The flow of nutrients
and energy from one organism to another at different trophic levels forms a food chain.
The food chain also explains the feeding pattern or relationship between living organisms. Trophic
level refers to the sequential stages in a food chain, starting with producers at the bottom,
followed by primary,secondary and tertiary consumers. Every level in a food chain is known as a
trophic level.
A food chain refers to a linear sequence of organisms showing how energy or nutrient flows
through an ecosystem when one organism consumes another for its survival. It provides
information about which species eats which other species in nature. Typically, a food chain is
represented by a diagram where arrows show the direction of energy and nutrients flow.
Many herbivores eat grass, and deer can eat other plants besides grass. Even a tiger can eat many
types of animals and plants.
the larger unit of population
vary in sizes, habitats and number of populations in them
Large communities are independent and self-sufficient but small communities depend on
large ones and are greatly influenced by adjacent communities
Classification of Community
Forests
Grasslands
Logs
Deserts
The communities which are growing through succession or changes are called seral
communities and stable communities are called climax communities.
Community Ecology
the study of the organization and functioning of communities of organisms
also studies the relationships of the members of a community to their environment
usually subdivided according to habitat or biome.
Ecology was recommended by Cornell teacher Robert Whittaker in 1975
Whittaker identified community ecology as an assemblage of living organisms that
connect and form a community with a unique structure and species composition
Community Ecology Examples
A forest community consists of the plant community, all trees, birds, squirrels, deer,
foxes, fungi, fish in a forest stream, insects, and all other species living there or migrating
seasonally
A coral reef community consists of a huge variety of various species of corals, fish, and
algae
Ecological Community Structure
Trophic pyramid - all biological communities have a similar structure
The base of the pyramid in every biological community is composed of species called
autotrophs, organisms that gather sunlight (or in unusual cases, heat) directly through
photosynthesis (or chemosynthesis)
All other organisms in the pyramid are called heterotrophs
, Food Chain: Introduction
All plant and animal species depend partially or totally on another plant or animal for their food.
For example – grass grows due to sunlight, deer eats the grass, and tiger eats the deer.
When the tiger dies, bacteria decompose its body, returning the dead organic matter to the soil,
which provides nutrients for the grass to grow.
A food chain explains which organism eats another organism in the environment.
The food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy is transferred from
one organism to the other.
This occurs when one organism consumes another organism.
It begins with the producer organism, follows the chain and ends with the decomposer organism
Food Chain
A food chain refers to the order of events in an ecosystem, where one living organism eats another
organism, and later that organism is consumed by another larger organism. The flow of nutrients
and energy from one organism to another at different trophic levels forms a food chain.
The food chain also explains the feeding pattern or relationship between living organisms. Trophic
level refers to the sequential stages in a food chain, starting with producers at the bottom,
followed by primary,secondary and tertiary consumers. Every level in a food chain is known as a
trophic level.
A food chain refers to a linear sequence of organisms showing how energy or nutrient flows
through an ecosystem when one organism consumes another for its survival. It provides
information about which species eats which other species in nature. Typically, a food chain is
represented by a diagram where arrows show the direction of energy and nutrients flow.
Many herbivores eat grass, and deer can eat other plants besides grass. Even a tiger can eat many
types of animals and plants.
