WGU Biochemistry PA
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6w334r
1. What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence? 5'
- GCC ATC TCG AAT - 3': 5' - ATT CGA GAT GGC - 3'
2. Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created
after the completion of four complete PCR cycles?: 16
3. What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR?: It recog-
nizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA
sequence.
4. What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type
AB?: A and B
5. Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1
and SIRT2 is associated with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to
drug addiction. What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes
in people addicted to cocaine increases their expression?: The nucleosomes
become more widely spaced.
6. Mice with low levels of agouti gene expression tend to have yellow fur
and are obese, while mice with higher levels of expression are brown and of
normal weight. Studies show that expression of the agouti gene in mice can
be controlled by epigenetics. What scenario describes epigenetic regulation
of the agouti gene?: Mother mice fed methyl-rich diets during pregnancy give
birth to offspring with decreased agouti gene expression compared to those fed a
methyl-poor diet.
7. Oxidative damage to DNA can often result in the alteration of a single
nucleotide. Which DNA repair mechanism would repair this type of damage?-
: The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair.
8. Which reaction is responsible for the formation of polypeptides?: Dehydra-
tion
9. Which term describes the order of amino acids in a peptide chain?: Primary
structure
10. When using heat to denature a protein, which force is the first to be
disrupted as temperature increases?: Hydrophobic interactions
1/7
, WGU Biochemistry PA
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6w334r
11. A commonly used technique for protein denaturation is adding an acid
or a base to dramatically change the pH. Which force is most impacted by
this change in pH?: Ionic bonds
12. An active elderly patient is becoming frequently disoriented, having trou-
ble recalling her daily routine, and becoming aggravated easily. She forgets
words and places and has difficulty recognizing her children. Which bio-
chemical event is responsible for this patient's behavior?: Protein aggregation
13. In which situation would altering a protein structure lead to a disease
state?: A mutation in aconitase blocks an essential step in aerobic metabolism
14. Frying an egg changes the egg white from a clear liquid to an opaque
solid. Which molecular change in the albumin protein causes this change
in appearance?: Hydrophobic interactions form between denatured egg white
proteins.
15. What is the driving mechanism of plaque formation in prion diseases?: -
Propagation of misfolding from one protein to another
16. Which feature of a protein made of a single polypeptide chain is most
directly responsible for its function?: Three-dimensional structure
17. How does the Bohr effect describe the relationship between carbon diox-
ide levels, blood pH and the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin?: An
increase in carbon dioxide production leads to a decrease in blood pH, causing
hemoglobin to release oxygen more readily.
18. Which statement describes the binding of oxygen gas to a heme group?-
: The binding of oxygen gas to heme changes the structure of the heme group.
19. Which characteristic of myoglobin makes it an effective oxygen storage
molecule?: Its high affinity for oxygen
20. At low O 2 concentrations, how does myoglobin's affinity for O 2 relate
to hemoglobin's affinity for O 2?: Myoglobin has a much greater affinity for O 2
than hemoglobin does.
21. How does pH level promote the deoxygenated conformation of hemoglo-
bin?: When pH lowers, excess H + binds to negatively charged side chains on
hemoglobin and changes ionic bonds between subunits to favor the T-state
22. What is occurring in surrounding tissues as the amount of hemoglobin
saturated with oxygen increases?: The amount of carbon dioxide decreases.
23. What is feedback inhibition?: Reversible, noncompetitive inhibition of an
enzyme in a pathway by a product of that pathway
2/7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6w334r
1. What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence? 5'
- GCC ATC TCG AAT - 3': 5' - ATT CGA GAT GGC - 3'
2. Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created
after the completion of four complete PCR cycles?: 16
3. What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR?: It recog-
nizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA
sequence.
4. What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type
AB?: A and B
5. Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1
and SIRT2 is associated with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to
drug addiction. What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes
in people addicted to cocaine increases their expression?: The nucleosomes
become more widely spaced.
6. Mice with low levels of agouti gene expression tend to have yellow fur
and are obese, while mice with higher levels of expression are brown and of
normal weight. Studies show that expression of the agouti gene in mice can
be controlled by epigenetics. What scenario describes epigenetic regulation
of the agouti gene?: Mother mice fed methyl-rich diets during pregnancy give
birth to offspring with decreased agouti gene expression compared to those fed a
methyl-poor diet.
7. Oxidative damage to DNA can often result in the alteration of a single
nucleotide. Which DNA repair mechanism would repair this type of damage?-
: The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair.
8. Which reaction is responsible for the formation of polypeptides?: Dehydra-
tion
9. Which term describes the order of amino acids in a peptide chain?: Primary
structure
10. When using heat to denature a protein, which force is the first to be
disrupted as temperature increases?: Hydrophobic interactions
1/7
, WGU Biochemistry PA
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6w334r
11. A commonly used technique for protein denaturation is adding an acid
or a base to dramatically change the pH. Which force is most impacted by
this change in pH?: Ionic bonds
12. An active elderly patient is becoming frequently disoriented, having trou-
ble recalling her daily routine, and becoming aggravated easily. She forgets
words and places and has difficulty recognizing her children. Which bio-
chemical event is responsible for this patient's behavior?: Protein aggregation
13. In which situation would altering a protein structure lead to a disease
state?: A mutation in aconitase blocks an essential step in aerobic metabolism
14. Frying an egg changes the egg white from a clear liquid to an opaque
solid. Which molecular change in the albumin protein causes this change
in appearance?: Hydrophobic interactions form between denatured egg white
proteins.
15. What is the driving mechanism of plaque formation in prion diseases?: -
Propagation of misfolding from one protein to another
16. Which feature of a protein made of a single polypeptide chain is most
directly responsible for its function?: Three-dimensional structure
17. How does the Bohr effect describe the relationship between carbon diox-
ide levels, blood pH and the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin?: An
increase in carbon dioxide production leads to a decrease in blood pH, causing
hemoglobin to release oxygen more readily.
18. Which statement describes the binding of oxygen gas to a heme group?-
: The binding of oxygen gas to heme changes the structure of the heme group.
19. Which characteristic of myoglobin makes it an effective oxygen storage
molecule?: Its high affinity for oxygen
20. At low O 2 concentrations, how does myoglobin's affinity for O 2 relate
to hemoglobin's affinity for O 2?: Myoglobin has a much greater affinity for O 2
than hemoglobin does.
21. How does pH level promote the deoxygenated conformation of hemoglo-
bin?: When pH lowers, excess H + binds to negatively charged side chains on
hemoglobin and changes ionic bonds between subunits to favor the T-state
22. What is occurring in surrounding tissues as the amount of hemoglobin
saturated with oxygen increases?: The amount of carbon dioxide decreases.
23. What is feedback inhibition?: Reversible, noncompetitive inhibition of an
enzyme in a pathway by a product of that pathway
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