AAMC MCAT Exam 4- Psych 2022/2023
1) Which graph best describes the relative performance of Ps and controls on the type
of lexical decision task described in the passage? - ANSWER Did not understand that y
axis; quick reaction times means less msec
4) The numbers presented to the participants in the avoidance study function as:
A.
reinforcers.
B.
punishers.
C.
discriminating stimuli.
D.
unconditioned stimuli. - ANSWER C) discriminating stimuli
the numbers signal the availability of reinforcement or punishment
unconditioned stimulus= stimulus that naturally elicits a reflexive behavior
(unconditioned response)
5) Are the assumptions of SCT regarding the role of participants' beliefs (paragraph 3)
consistent with a traditional behaviorist approach?
A.
Yes, because the traditional behaviorist approach also emphasizes changes in behavior
due to desirable and undesirable outcomes
B.
Yes, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that repeated exposure to
certain outcomes shapes beliefs regarding these outcomes
C.
No, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that mental states are involved
only in classical conditioning, not operant conditioning
D.
No, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that actual outcomes determine
behavior, not cognitions regarding potential outcomes - ANSWER D.
No, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that actual outcomes determine
behavior, not cognitions regarding potential outcomes
(in the passage) SCI emphasizes the role of cognitive processes like thinking and belief
in development of personality.
Alternatively the behaviorist is concerned with how ENVIRONMENT factors affect
observable behavior.
, 7) Which statement best applies Rogers's concept of incongruence to SDT's suggestion
for how healthcare professionals can promote autonomous motivation?
A.
By encouraging their patients' initiative, healthcare professionals motivate their patients
to reduce the gap in their need for self-actualization.
B.
By giving their patients options, healthcare professionals make it possible for their
patients to reduce the gap between their actual behavior and their expected behavior.
C.
By encouraging the patients' initiative, healthcare professionals motivate their patients
to reduce the gap between their behaviors and their attitudes.
D.
By giving their patients options, healthcare professionals offer their patients ways to
reduce the gap between their ideal selves and their actual selves. - ANSWER D.
By giving their patients options, healthcare professionals offer their patients ways to
reduce the gap between their ideal selves and their actual selves.
Concept of incongruence= GAP between person's actual self and ideal self
9) A team of researchers at a pharmaceutical company tests a new cancer drug. The
researchers have concluded that the drug is effective, but other scientists CANNOT
replicate the findings. Which is the most likely explanation for the lack of replicability of
the original results?
A.
Base rate fallacy
B.
Hindsight bias
C.
Observer bias
D.
Public verifiability - ANSWER C) Observer bias
observer bias= Any bias on the part of the observers recording the data could have
contaminated the original results.
The base rate fallacy refers to the error people make when they ignore the base rates
(i.e., prior probabilities) when evaluating the probabilities (or frequencies) of events.
hindsight bias (i.e., the "I knew it all along" effect) refers to the tendency for a person to
overestimate how well he or she could have successfully predicted a known outcome
(i.e., a "forecast," given before the outcome was known).
1) Which graph best describes the relative performance of Ps and controls on the type
of lexical decision task described in the passage? - ANSWER Did not understand that y
axis; quick reaction times means less msec
4) The numbers presented to the participants in the avoidance study function as:
A.
reinforcers.
B.
punishers.
C.
discriminating stimuli.
D.
unconditioned stimuli. - ANSWER C) discriminating stimuli
the numbers signal the availability of reinforcement or punishment
unconditioned stimulus= stimulus that naturally elicits a reflexive behavior
(unconditioned response)
5) Are the assumptions of SCT regarding the role of participants' beliefs (paragraph 3)
consistent with a traditional behaviorist approach?
A.
Yes, because the traditional behaviorist approach also emphasizes changes in behavior
due to desirable and undesirable outcomes
B.
Yes, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that repeated exposure to
certain outcomes shapes beliefs regarding these outcomes
C.
No, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that mental states are involved
only in classical conditioning, not operant conditioning
D.
No, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that actual outcomes determine
behavior, not cognitions regarding potential outcomes - ANSWER D.
No, because the traditional behaviorist approach holds that actual outcomes determine
behavior, not cognitions regarding potential outcomes
(in the passage) SCI emphasizes the role of cognitive processes like thinking and belief
in development of personality.
Alternatively the behaviorist is concerned with how ENVIRONMENT factors affect
observable behavior.
, 7) Which statement best applies Rogers's concept of incongruence to SDT's suggestion
for how healthcare professionals can promote autonomous motivation?
A.
By encouraging their patients' initiative, healthcare professionals motivate their patients
to reduce the gap in their need for self-actualization.
B.
By giving their patients options, healthcare professionals make it possible for their
patients to reduce the gap between their actual behavior and their expected behavior.
C.
By encouraging the patients' initiative, healthcare professionals motivate their patients
to reduce the gap between their behaviors and their attitudes.
D.
By giving their patients options, healthcare professionals offer their patients ways to
reduce the gap between their ideal selves and their actual selves. - ANSWER D.
By giving their patients options, healthcare professionals offer their patients ways to
reduce the gap between their ideal selves and their actual selves.
Concept of incongruence= GAP between person's actual self and ideal self
9) A team of researchers at a pharmaceutical company tests a new cancer drug. The
researchers have concluded that the drug is effective, but other scientists CANNOT
replicate the findings. Which is the most likely explanation for the lack of replicability of
the original results?
A.
Base rate fallacy
B.
Hindsight bias
C.
Observer bias
D.
Public verifiability - ANSWER C) Observer bias
observer bias= Any bias on the part of the observers recording the data could have
contaminated the original results.
The base rate fallacy refers to the error people make when they ignore the base rates
(i.e., prior probabilities) when evaluating the probabilities (or frequencies) of events.
hindsight bias (i.e., the "I knew it all along" effect) refers to the tendency for a person to
overestimate how well he or she could have successfully predicted a known outcome
(i.e., a "forecast," given before the outcome was known).
