WGU D167 (Psychology) Final Exam Questions With Verified Answers (Graded A+)

WGU D167 (Psychology) Final Exam Questions With Verified Answers (Graded A+) Self-actualization (Maslow) - Answer morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts Vygotsky's Theory - Answer A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development. MKO (more knowledgeable other) - Answer Vygotsky's term for someone who helps a child learn a new concept by working with that child in his/her zone of proximal development. assimulation- Piaget - Answer using our current schemas to interpret the outside world Accomodation (Piaget) - Answer when new information or experiences cause you to modify your existing schemas (organized pattern of thought or behavior) Disequilibrium (Piaget) - Answer When encountering new data or information, you experience disequilibrium, a cognitive conflict, until you can either assimilate or accommodate it and achieve equilibrium Schema (Piaget) - Answer Patterns of thought and behavior Equilibrium (Piaget) - Answer balance between assimilation and accommodation Vygotsky Elementary Mental Functions - Answer Attention, sensation, perception, memory Vygotsky higher mental functions - Answer MKO, ZPD, Scaffolding Vygotsky: Scaffolding - Answer Assisted learning with cues from more knowledgable individual Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - Answer Vygotsky's concept of the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher Vygotsky 3 types of speech - Answer 1. Social External 2. Self talk outloud (Private) 3. Inner self talk Erickson's theory - Answer -8 stages of psychosocial development -each stage has development task that conforms individuals with a crisis that must be faced Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson) - Answer Birth -1: Babies trust others will care for their basic needs or they develop mistrust about the care or others. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answer Erikson's stage in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson) - Answer 3-6 yrs, good: sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities, ability to enjoy accomplishment, bad: fear of punishment, restrict himself, show off Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson) - Answer 6-12 yrs. Children compare themselves to peers in most areas; sports, classwork, family etc. If they feel that they don't measure up they can become inferior. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson) - Answer 12-18yr, Adolescents main task is developing a sense of self. Who they are, what they want to be, trying new things. Successful in this stage means that through hardships the adolescent can stay true to self. Role confusion occurs when adolescents do not stay true to self or try to search for who they are. They can become unsure of their identity and struggle to find themselves as adults Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson) - Answer 20-40 yrs, good: love, intimate relationships, commitment. bad: avoidance of commitment, alienation, distancing oneself. If they do not figure out the earlier stages then they may isolate. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory - Answer Emphasizes behavior, environment, and cognition as the key factors in development Bandura's Social Learning Theory - Answer Emphasizing learning through observation, vicarious learning and modeling Bandura 3 kinds of models - Answer 1. Live: In person 2. Verbal: Explains or describes behavior 3. Symbolic: Video game, movie, shows, video Bandura's steps to modeling - Answer 1. Attention: Focus on what the model is doing 2. Retention: Remember what is observed 3. Reproduction: Perform the behavior 4. Motivation: Must have a need to be motivated to copy the behavior. Social Cognitive Theory - Answer 1.Observational Learning: Observe others 2.Self efficacy: Belief that one can master a given task 3.Self Regulation: Bandura's 3 way's modeling affects behavior - Answer 1. Observational 2.Inhibition and disinhibition 3. Response Fascilitation Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development - Answer Moral development takes place in stages and awareness of other people increases at each stage Kholberg's stages of moral development - Answer preconventional, conventional, postconventional Kohlberg & Heinz Dilema - Answer Obeying the law vs. saving a life