Subject: GE6104 | Gender and Society
Week 1-2:
• Sociology – the scientific study of human society, origin, structure, function and direction
o Practiced by Greeks in 19th century – recognized as academic discipline
o Sociu – companion/associate
o Logos – study
• Anthropology – social science about human culture, physical and social characteristics that
create culture.
o Behavior of others has been observed (ex. By Herodotus and Tacitus)
• Nature of Sociology – Social Order (by Robert Bierstadt)
o Social science not physical
o Categorical not normative. Body of knowledge, not system
o Pure science
o Generalizing
o General science, not science. Studies human activities in a general way.
o Rational and empirical. Empiricism – emphasizes experience and facts from observation.
Rationalism – stressed reason and theories from logical inference.
• Nature of Anthropology
o Study of humankind in all times and places
o Culture’s language, values, achievements
o Experiencing other cultures
• Focus:
o Anthropology:
▪ Overall culture
o Sociology:
▪ Quantitative social science. Based on polls, statistics, sampling, etc.
• TRUE: Anthropology and Sociology are different sciences that deals with human beings and their
characteristics.
• FALSE: Sociology focuses on the big picture of human culture.
• Sociology – systematic and scientific study of human social life.
o Late 19th century Europe
• Scholars who contributed to Sociology:
• Auguste Comte
o Positivism – a philosophical system recognizing only that which can be scientifically
verified or which is capable of logical or mathematical proof, and therefore rejecting
metaphysics and theism.
o Coined the term “sociology”. He is the founder.
o Harriet Martineau
▪ Translated to English
▪ Rights of women, emancipation of slaves and religious tolerance
▪ Society in America – book
▪ Social problems of contemporary society
▪ Act upon social conditions to benefit the society
, o Karl Marx
▪ Sociologist task is to explain conflict shaped by productions
▪ Industrialization: owners and laborers
o Herbert Spence
▪ Parallelism between evolvement of society and animals, which attributed to
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
▪ Man is in a society, in a never-ending competition to win
o Emile Durkheim
▪ Studied higher learning thoroughly
▪ Rise of global village
▪ 4 types of suicide based on: social integration and moral regulation. Its not an
ordinary phenomenon.
o Max Weber
▪ How industrial revolution changed thoughts and actions – rationalization (daily
life is organized to accommodate large groups of people)
o Albion Small
o WEB Du Bois – black amerucan on race relations
o Wight Mills – urge social reform
o Robert K. Meron – socilogists need to develop middle range theories as explanation of
human behavior
o Serfin M. Macaraig – first Filipino doctorate in Sociology
o Fr. Valentin Marin – with criminology program in UST 1950
o Conrado Benitez and Luis Rivers – first Socioily teachers
• 1952 – Philippine Sociological Society
• 1057 – Community Development Research Council
• 1960 – Fr. Frank Lynch founded Institute of the Philippines Culture at Ateneo
• 1972 – UP with bachelors degree in sociology
• 3 Major Perspectives in Sociology
o Symbolic Interactionalism
▪ Symbols
▪ Face to Face
▪ Founded by Mead
▪ Ppl attach meaning to symbols
▪ We negotiate to mean
▪ Meanings can change
o Functionalist
▪ Rel bet parts of society
▪ How aspects are functional
▪ Structure and function
▪ Comte, Spencer and Durkheim
▪ Dysfunction – disturbance of social system
▪ Manifest – obvious intended functions of a social institution
▪ Latent – less obvious function of social structure
o Cultural Theory/ Conflict Theory
Week 1-2:
• Sociology – the scientific study of human society, origin, structure, function and direction
o Practiced by Greeks in 19th century – recognized as academic discipline
o Sociu – companion/associate
o Logos – study
• Anthropology – social science about human culture, physical and social characteristics that
create culture.
o Behavior of others has been observed (ex. By Herodotus and Tacitus)
• Nature of Sociology – Social Order (by Robert Bierstadt)
o Social science not physical
o Categorical not normative. Body of knowledge, not system
o Pure science
o Generalizing
o General science, not science. Studies human activities in a general way.
o Rational and empirical. Empiricism – emphasizes experience and facts from observation.
Rationalism – stressed reason and theories from logical inference.
• Nature of Anthropology
o Study of humankind in all times and places
o Culture’s language, values, achievements
o Experiencing other cultures
• Focus:
o Anthropology:
▪ Overall culture
o Sociology:
▪ Quantitative social science. Based on polls, statistics, sampling, etc.
• TRUE: Anthropology and Sociology are different sciences that deals with human beings and their
characteristics.
• FALSE: Sociology focuses on the big picture of human culture.
• Sociology – systematic and scientific study of human social life.
o Late 19th century Europe
• Scholars who contributed to Sociology:
• Auguste Comte
o Positivism – a philosophical system recognizing only that which can be scientifically
verified or which is capable of logical or mathematical proof, and therefore rejecting
metaphysics and theism.
o Coined the term “sociology”. He is the founder.
o Harriet Martineau
▪ Translated to English
▪ Rights of women, emancipation of slaves and religious tolerance
▪ Society in America – book
▪ Social problems of contemporary society
▪ Act upon social conditions to benefit the society
, o Karl Marx
▪ Sociologist task is to explain conflict shaped by productions
▪ Industrialization: owners and laborers
o Herbert Spence
▪ Parallelism between evolvement of society and animals, which attributed to
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
▪ Man is in a society, in a never-ending competition to win
o Emile Durkheim
▪ Studied higher learning thoroughly
▪ Rise of global village
▪ 4 types of suicide based on: social integration and moral regulation. Its not an
ordinary phenomenon.
o Max Weber
▪ How industrial revolution changed thoughts and actions – rationalization (daily
life is organized to accommodate large groups of people)
o Albion Small
o WEB Du Bois – black amerucan on race relations
o Wight Mills – urge social reform
o Robert K. Meron – socilogists need to develop middle range theories as explanation of
human behavior
o Serfin M. Macaraig – first Filipino doctorate in Sociology
o Fr. Valentin Marin – with criminology program in UST 1950
o Conrado Benitez and Luis Rivers – first Socioily teachers
• 1952 – Philippine Sociological Society
• 1057 – Community Development Research Council
• 1960 – Fr. Frank Lynch founded Institute of the Philippines Culture at Ateneo
• 1972 – UP with bachelors degree in sociology
• 3 Major Perspectives in Sociology
o Symbolic Interactionalism
▪ Symbols
▪ Face to Face
▪ Founded by Mead
▪ Ppl attach meaning to symbols
▪ We negotiate to mean
▪ Meanings can change
o Functionalist
▪ Rel bet parts of society
▪ How aspects are functional
▪ Structure and function
▪ Comte, Spencer and Durkheim
▪ Dysfunction – disturbance of social system
▪ Manifest – obvious intended functions of a social institution
▪ Latent – less obvious function of social structure
o Cultural Theory/ Conflict Theory
