Pharm ATI Information

Pharm ATI Information: List of Drugs to review/study Note • LEARN HOW TO GROUP DRUGS BY THEIR SPELLING (Specifically the ending of the word) o Rationale: This will better help associate the drug to the potential adverse effect or therapeutic effect of the drug EVEN IF YOU NEVER SEEN THAT DRUG BEFORE o Examples: § “pril” • ACE Inhibitors • Ex. Captopril § “Sartans” • ARBS Drug class • Ex. Losartan § “Statin” • Cholesterol and Lipid-Lowering (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) Drug Class • Ex. Atorvastatin, Lovastatin § “olol” • Beta-Blocker Class • Ex. Metoprolol, Atenolol, Propranolol § “ine” • Typically drugs with Anticholinergic effects (ex. Dry mouth, blurred vision, dry eyes, constipation, urinary retention, etc.) § “mycin” • Aminoglycosides class of Antibiotics • Ex. Gentamicin (Garamycin), Neomycin, Streptomycin § “Tron” • Common Classes of Antiemetics – Serotonin Antagonists • Ex. Ondansetron § “Fil” • Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Agents • Ex. Sildenafil, Vardenafil, Tadalafil • “Fil” the Penis • STUDY AND KNOW ANTIBIOTICS!!!! o Isoniazid § Take on an empty stomach to improve absorption of medication § Used to treat TB o Imipenem § Possible for seizures to occur with this medication (notify provider immediately if noticed) Downloaded by Victor Muia () lOMoARcPSD| o Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) § Used to treat and prevent Urinary Treat Infections • STUDY AND KNOW INSULIN o Regular Insulin used to Treat DKA • STUY AND KNOW DIURETICS!!! • Noticed Several Hypothyroidism and administration of Levothyroxine Questions While studying • Salicylism = Aspirin Toxicity o Tinnitus = manifestation of Aspirin Toxicity • Note: St. John’s wort increases the client risk for Serotonin Syndrome o Drugs Not compatible with St. John’s Wort § Anticonvulsants (such as Phenytoin and Valproic Acid) § Barbiturates (such as Phenobarbital and Amobarbital) • CNS depressants commonly used for Anesthesia and Treatment of Seizures § Antidepressants (SSRI, MAOIs, etc.) § Allergy Drugs (Antihistamines) § Digoxin • Typical/Notable Adverse Effects for Steroid Medications o Hyperglycemia o Fluid retention o Hypokalemia o GI Irritation o Bleeding Tendencies o Osteoporosis (which includes fractures as well) o Adrenal Atrophy o Muscle Wasting o Cushing’s Syndrome § Weight Gain § Stretch Marks (Striae) § Thinning, fragile skin that bruise easily § Slow wound healing § Hirsutism (in women) § Irregular Menstrual Periods (in women) § Severe fatigue § Muscle Weakness • Long-term use of Steroid Medication o Anger/Aggression Downloaded by Victor Muia () lOMoARcPSD| o Paranoia o Heart Attack o Delusions o Stroke o Kidney Failure • Simvastatin o Adverse effects § Muscle Injury (which can progress to myositis) o Nursing Consideration § Client should report any unusual onset of muscle pain or tenderness to the provider immediately • Short-Acting Beta2-Agonist (Bronchodilator Drug); Seen Several Times While Studying o Indication of Bronchodilator § Quick relief of symptoms during asthma attack § Prevent asthma symptoms before exercise § Reverses Bronchospasms o Action of Bronchodilator § Binds to receptors in the lungs, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles • Propylthiouracil (Anti-thyroid agent) o Treatment of patients with Hyperthyroidism o used for treatment of Graves’ Disease • Heparin o understanding how and where Heparin is administered • Ranitidine (H2-Antagonist) o Adverse effects § Confusion (most frequent CNS adverse effect) § Headache, Dizziness, Drowsiness, and Hallucinations (less frequent CNS adverse effects) o Nursing Intervention § Educate patient to monitor and report yellowing of the skin or eyes • Rationale: this drug can be hepatotoxic and cause jaundice Downloaded by Victor Muia () lOMoARcPSD| • Captopril (ACE Inhibitor Class) – Drug used to control blood pressure o Adverse Effect § Cough (MUST KNOW), Chest pain, heart failure, § Orthostatic Hypotension § Dizziness § Hyperkalemia, Arrhythmias § Neutropenia (serious adverse effect deriving from a sore throat) o Nursing Intervention § Educate patient to notify physician if they develop a sore throat • Rationale: Sore throat can indicate neutropenia • Atenolol o Adverse Effect § Hypotension o Nursing Intervention § Assess/obtain patient’s blood pressure • Metoclopramide o Indication § Type of Gastrointestinal Stimulants § These drugs stimulate parasympathetic activity or make the GI tissues more sensitive to parasympathetic activity o Action § Reduces nausea and vomiting by increasing gastric motility and promoting gastric emptyin