RESPI HEMA
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Function:
- Primary
a. Provide O2 for metabolism
b. Removal pf waste product (CO2)
- Secondary
a. Olfactory function
b. Speech production
c. Maintain acid base balance
• 3 elements
I. pH
II. Pa O2
III. Pa CO2
I. Upper Respiratory System
Function: Filters, moisten, and humidify
a. Nose - Lining of mucus
- Aids of pronunciation
b. Sinuses -
1. Frontal - Biggest sinuses
2. Maxillary - biggest sinuses
3. Sphenoidal
4. Ethmoidal
c. Pharynx
Tonsils
Throat
- Functions
1. Helps not to invade the lungs with bacteria
2. Prevention of aspiration
Laryngopharynx - aids in intubation.
Nasopharynx -
d. Larynx - Composed of cartilages
1. Thyroid cartilage - Adams apple
2. Lead Cartilage - epiglottis
3. Signent
4. - Fiber elastic band that produces vibrations
1. High pitch - high vibration
2. Low pitch - low vibration
3. Normal speaking voice - normal vibration
, II. Lower Respiratory System
Function: Gas exchange
a. Trachea - Windpipe
1. Smooth muscle ( can spasm)
2. C shaped rings
3. 10 - 12 cm long
4. FUNCTION - Passageway of air into and from the lungs
b. Mainstem bronchi - it branch the trachea to left and right
c. Bronchioles - Smell branches of secondary bronchi
d. Alveolar ducks and alveoli - Respiratory unit (gas exchange happens)
Accessory muscles of respiratory
1. Scalene - elevate rst 2 ribs
2. Sternocleidomastoid - sternum
3. Pectoralis major - shoulder
4. External intercostal - shoulder - elevation of the ribs
Pons - regulates the rate and the rhythms
Medulla Oblongata - respiratory center of the brain
Normal Breath Sounds
• Bronchial Sounds - large airways ( common site are Larynx and Trachea)
- Loud, harsh high pitch
• Vesicular Sounds - heard over the lung elds except large airway.
- Low pitch
• Bronchovesicular Sounds - Breezy or moderate pitch sound (alteration of the
bronchial sounds and vesicular sounds)
- Air moving in the smallest airway
Adventitious Breath Sounds
- Fine crackles - Contain uids
1. Short high pitched
2. Hair strands sound
- Course crackles - Mucus
1. Short low pitched
2. Bubbling sound
- Wheezes - Asthma
1. High pitched musical
- Pleural Friction sound
1. Cranking, scratchy, grading
2. Similar sound of scratching of 2 pieces of paper
3 “I’s”
1. Infection - Pneumonia
2. In ammation - Asthma
3. In ltration
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Function:
- Primary
a. Provide O2 for metabolism
b. Removal pf waste product (CO2)
- Secondary
a. Olfactory function
b. Speech production
c. Maintain acid base balance
• 3 elements
I. pH
II. Pa O2
III. Pa CO2
I. Upper Respiratory System
Function: Filters, moisten, and humidify
a. Nose - Lining of mucus
- Aids of pronunciation
b. Sinuses -
1. Frontal - Biggest sinuses
2. Maxillary - biggest sinuses
3. Sphenoidal
4. Ethmoidal
c. Pharynx
Tonsils
Throat
- Functions
1. Helps not to invade the lungs with bacteria
2. Prevention of aspiration
Laryngopharynx - aids in intubation.
Nasopharynx -
d. Larynx - Composed of cartilages
1. Thyroid cartilage - Adams apple
2. Lead Cartilage - epiglottis
3. Signent
4. - Fiber elastic band that produces vibrations
1. High pitch - high vibration
2. Low pitch - low vibration
3. Normal speaking voice - normal vibration
, II. Lower Respiratory System
Function: Gas exchange
a. Trachea - Windpipe
1. Smooth muscle ( can spasm)
2. C shaped rings
3. 10 - 12 cm long
4. FUNCTION - Passageway of air into and from the lungs
b. Mainstem bronchi - it branch the trachea to left and right
c. Bronchioles - Smell branches of secondary bronchi
d. Alveolar ducks and alveoli - Respiratory unit (gas exchange happens)
Accessory muscles of respiratory
1. Scalene - elevate rst 2 ribs
2. Sternocleidomastoid - sternum
3. Pectoralis major - shoulder
4. External intercostal - shoulder - elevation of the ribs
Pons - regulates the rate and the rhythms
Medulla Oblongata - respiratory center of the brain
Normal Breath Sounds
• Bronchial Sounds - large airways ( common site are Larynx and Trachea)
- Loud, harsh high pitch
• Vesicular Sounds - heard over the lung elds except large airway.
- Low pitch
• Bronchovesicular Sounds - Breezy or moderate pitch sound (alteration of the
bronchial sounds and vesicular sounds)
- Air moving in the smallest airway
Adventitious Breath Sounds
- Fine crackles - Contain uids
1. Short high pitched
2. Hair strands sound
- Course crackles - Mucus
1. Short low pitched
2. Bubbling sound
- Wheezes - Asthma
1. High pitched musical
- Pleural Friction sound
1. Cranking, scratchy, grading
2. Similar sound of scratching of 2 pieces of paper
3 “I’s”
1. Infection - Pneumonia
2. In ammation - Asthma
3. In ltration
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fi fi fl fi
