SPECIAL SENSES
EYES -> Parts and purpose
1. Conjunctiva -> Moisture (medication)
2. Ciliary Body -> Aqueous Humor = IOP
3. Trabecular - Meshwork (Opening)
4. Canal at schelemm
5. Iris
6. Pupil
• Dilation - mydriasis - before surgery (Inc. IOB)
• Constriction - miosis
7. Lens ->Accommodation (cataract = cloudy lense)
8. Cornea -> refraction of light to the lenses
9. Sclera -> Outer layer (turn yellow = jaundice)
10. Choroid -> blood supply (Fungus inner)
11. Retina -> optic nerve (Red)
12. Macula -> central vision
13. Cones -> Color - Red, Blue, Green (Bright light)
14. Rods -> Dim light (Night vision)
Assessment
A. Visual Acuity
1. Snellen Chart ->1 eye at a time (right before
left then both)
• 20 - > Distance of the patient (Near
sighted)
100 -> Normal person
• 100 (Far sighted)
20
• Visual Acuity is determine by the
smallest line
• With glasses/lens -> BCVA (best
corrected visual acuity)
• Without glasse/lens -> UCVA
• 20/200 -> Legal blindness BCVA
• 20/400 -> Blind BCVA (LP/NLP)
- White cane with red tip and/ or
service animal
- Some using echo location
, 2. Color Vision test
• Ishihara Test
3. Color Fundus Photography -> Viewing
• Fundus -> inner (Retina)
• Photography -> Light - “Eye bleaching” -> dec. VA for 30 mins.
4. Fluorescein Angiography -> Viewing
• Fluorescein Dye -> I.V
- Check for Allergy
• Discoloration
- Skin - gold
- Urine -> deep yellow - orange
- Disappear -> after 24 hours
• Angio-> Blood vessel -> “neovascularation” - > Macular degeneration
5. Tonometry (Usually use for Glaucoma)
• IOP -> 10 -21 mmHg
EYES -> Parts and purpose
1. Conjunctiva -> Moisture (medication)
2. Ciliary Body -> Aqueous Humor = IOP
3. Trabecular - Meshwork (Opening)
4. Canal at schelemm
5. Iris
6. Pupil
• Dilation - mydriasis - before surgery (Inc. IOB)
• Constriction - miosis
7. Lens ->Accommodation (cataract = cloudy lense)
8. Cornea -> refraction of light to the lenses
9. Sclera -> Outer layer (turn yellow = jaundice)
10. Choroid -> blood supply (Fungus inner)
11. Retina -> optic nerve (Red)
12. Macula -> central vision
13. Cones -> Color - Red, Blue, Green (Bright light)
14. Rods -> Dim light (Night vision)
Assessment
A. Visual Acuity
1. Snellen Chart ->1 eye at a time (right before
left then both)
• 20 - > Distance of the patient (Near
sighted)
100 -> Normal person
• 100 (Far sighted)
20
• Visual Acuity is determine by the
smallest line
• With glasses/lens -> BCVA (best
corrected visual acuity)
• Without glasse/lens -> UCVA
• 20/200 -> Legal blindness BCVA
• 20/400 -> Blind BCVA (LP/NLP)
- White cane with red tip and/ or
service animal
- Some using echo location
, 2. Color Vision test
• Ishihara Test
3. Color Fundus Photography -> Viewing
• Fundus -> inner (Retina)
• Photography -> Light - “Eye bleaching” -> dec. VA for 30 mins.
4. Fluorescein Angiography -> Viewing
• Fluorescein Dye -> I.V
- Check for Allergy
• Discoloration
- Skin - gold
- Urine -> deep yellow - orange
- Disappear -> after 24 hours
• Angio-> Blood vessel -> “neovascularation” - > Macular degeneration
5. Tonometry (Usually use for Glaucoma)
• IOP -> 10 -21 mmHg
