AQA AS HISTORY America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877 Component 2J The origins of the American Civil War, c1845–1861FINAL MAY 2023

AQA AS HISTORY America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877 Component 2J The origins of the American Civil War, c1845–1861 Tuesday 23 May 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7041/2J. • Answer two questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Information • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • The maximum mark for this paper is 50. • You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice • You are advised to spend about: – 50 minutes on Section A – 40 minutes on Section B. Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From an article in a Southern newspaper, ‘The Daily Despatch’, published in Richmond, Virginia, 1 June 1852, two months after the publication of ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ by Harriet Beecher Stowe. The Northern States will very soon be inundated by a flood of pro-abolition novels. The effect they will have upon the opinions, the politics, the peace and happiness of the people will be beyond calculation and will drive the anti-slavery movement forward. The Union will yet again be placed in great danger by the tremendous revival of anti-slavery sentiment that we are currently witnessing. There is now great fear that all of the toil, all of the very difficult uphill work that led to the Compromise of 1850 will be wasted. That Compromise will become meaningless. The battles for the Union, and for the Constitution, will have to be fought all over again. 5 Source B From ‘The Impending Crisis of the South’, by Hinton Rowan Helper, 1857. Helper was from North Carolina. The book was published at his own expense in New York City. Except in a very slight degree, I do not speak with any reference to the humanitarian or religious aspects of abolition, I speak on behalf of the majority of Southern whites, those who are poor or of moderate means – the plain folk of the Old South. For the free-soilers and the abolitionists are in reality the only true friends of the South; and the slave-holders and the slave-breeders are the downright enemies of their own cause. Anti-slavery men are working for the Union and for the good of the whole world; pro-slavery men are working for the disunion of the States, and for the good of nothing but themselves. 5 0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, which of these two sources is more valuable in explaining Southern attitudes to the rise of the abolitionist movement in the 1850s? [25 marks] Section B Answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Either 0 2 ‘The main reason for tensions between North and South, in the years 1845 to 1848, was westward expansion.’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks] or