Orbit summary (carotid-cavernous
sinus fistula, AV
Clinical features of orbital diseases malformation)
1-Proptosis 6-Trauma 1-Traumatic or
Definition iatrogenic orbital
Bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit, by hemorrhage
a space-occupying lesion. 2-Orbital fracture s
Could bilateral or unilateral 3-Facial fractures
Causes of proptosis 7-Pseudoproptosis 1-Buphthalmos
1-Infectious 1-Orbital cellulitis 2-Contralateral
(m.c.c of unilateral enophthalmos
proptosis in children) 3-Ipsilateral lid
2-Mucormycosis retraction
3-Sinus disease 4-Axial myopia
5-Contralateral
2-Inflammation 1-Thyroidopathies blepharoptosis
(Grave;s disease)
2-Orbital inflammatory
syndrome (orbital How it is measured ?
pseudotumor, benign It can be measured by exophthalmometer
orbital inflammation) (Hertel).
3-Neoplastic 1-Lacrimal gland A difference of more than 2mm between the
tumors two eyes is significant.
2-Lymphoma
3-Leukemia Proptosis is graded as:
4-Meningioma 1-mild (21–23 mm),
5-Glioma 2-moderate (24–27 mm)
6-Ossifying fibroma 3-severe (28 mm or more)
7-Metastatic (breast in
women, lung and 2-Enophthalmous
prostate in men, It is a backward (retraction) displacement of the
gastrointestinal, globe.
kidney) Causes of Enophthalmos
8-Rare 1.Orbital fracture
rhabdomyosarcoma 2.Horner’s syndrome
of the extraocular 3.Orbital fat atrophy
muscles à in 4.Congenital abnormality
developing children. 5.Metastatic disease
4-Vasculitis 1-Wegener 3-Diplopia
granulomatosis The simultaneous perception of two images of a
2-Churg-Strauss single object that may be displaced horizontally,
syndrome vertically, or diagonally (i.e. both vertically and
horizontally) in relation to each other.
5-Orbital vascular 1-Orbital varix
disease 2-Orbital AV
malformation
sinus fistula, AV
Clinical features of orbital diseases malformation)
1-Proptosis 6-Trauma 1-Traumatic or
Definition iatrogenic orbital
Bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit, by hemorrhage
a space-occupying lesion. 2-Orbital fracture s
Could bilateral or unilateral 3-Facial fractures
Causes of proptosis 7-Pseudoproptosis 1-Buphthalmos
1-Infectious 1-Orbital cellulitis 2-Contralateral
(m.c.c of unilateral enophthalmos
proptosis in children) 3-Ipsilateral lid
2-Mucormycosis retraction
3-Sinus disease 4-Axial myopia
5-Contralateral
2-Inflammation 1-Thyroidopathies blepharoptosis
(Grave;s disease)
2-Orbital inflammatory
syndrome (orbital How it is measured ?
pseudotumor, benign It can be measured by exophthalmometer
orbital inflammation) (Hertel).
3-Neoplastic 1-Lacrimal gland A difference of more than 2mm between the
tumors two eyes is significant.
2-Lymphoma
3-Leukemia Proptosis is graded as:
4-Meningioma 1-mild (21–23 mm),
5-Glioma 2-moderate (24–27 mm)
6-Ossifying fibroma 3-severe (28 mm or more)
7-Metastatic (breast in
women, lung and 2-Enophthalmous
prostate in men, It is a backward (retraction) displacement of the
gastrointestinal, globe.
kidney) Causes of Enophthalmos
8-Rare 1.Orbital fracture
rhabdomyosarcoma 2.Horner’s syndrome
of the extraocular 3.Orbital fat atrophy
muscles à in 4.Congenital abnormality
developing children. 5.Metastatic disease
4-Vasculitis 1-Wegener 3-Diplopia
granulomatosis The simultaneous perception of two images of a
2-Churg-Strauss single object that may be displaced horizontally,
syndrome vertically, or diagonally (i.e. both vertically and
horizontally) in relation to each other.
5-Orbital vascular 1-Orbital varix
disease 2-Orbital AV
malformation
