DCF Certification Test

Early Childhood Education Theorists, DCF 40 Hours Child Care (HSAN) Health, Safety, and Nutrition (), DCF Certification Test - Rules and Regulations for Facilities (Updated recently) Albert Bandura (Social Learning Theory) - ANSWER •Vicarious vs. Enactive (learning by watching vs. learning by doing) •Four Elements of Observational Learning: 1. Attention 2. Retention 3. Production 4. Motivation & Reinforcement •Four Sources of Self-Efficacy Appraisals: 1. Actual Performance 2. Vicarious Performance 3. Verbal Persuasion 4. Physiological Cues Appetite - ANSWER A desire to eat. Benjamin Bloom (Cognitive Theory) - ANSWER •Blooms Taxonomy •"Taxonomy of Educational Objectives" •Psychomotor- coordination & kinetics •Cognitive- memory & reasoning •LOTS & HOTS •Affective- emotional response & attitude For children from birth through 1, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 4 Urie Bronfenbrenner (Ecological Systems Theory) - ANSWER •Views child as developing within a system of relationships. Each system influences & is influenced by each other: •Microsystem •Exosystem •Macrosystem •Chronosystem Isolation Area - ANSWER A designated area for a child who becomes ill at the facility, which must be away from the other, healthy children. Jerome Bruner (Learning Theory/Constructivist Theory) - ANSWER •Discovery Model of Teaching •Learners "construct" new ideas fro concepts & ideas they experience within a context. The information is then transformed & incorporated into a schema for application & future decision making. •Major Aspects: --predisposition toward learning --structure of knowledge for learner access --sequencing of knowledge presentation --nature of rewards & punishments •Qualitative vs. Quantitative Learning For children 1 through 2, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 6 John Comenius - ANSWER •Wrote "Orbis Pictus" (first picture book for kids) •Thought early experiences formed what a child would be like. •Suggested education should occur through the senses Safety Hazards - ANSWER Things in the environment that can be identified as dangerous to one's health and welfare. John Dewey (Philosophy of Pragmatism/Instrumentalism, Functional Psychology, Democratic Education) - ANSWER •Education must engage with & enlarge personal individual experience. There must be a balance between delivering knowledge & accounting for individual interests & backgrounds. •Learning is based on interaction & environmental contexts; ideas are tools for experimentation. •Education is a cornerstone for democracy; instrument for social change & reform •All individuals are entitled to a quality education in order to "share a common life" •Universal education involves "abandoning habits", thinking creatively, realizing one's skills, & using those skills for the greater good. For children 2 through 3, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 11 Erik Erikson (Psychosocial Theory of Development) - ANSWER •8 Stages of Life: --Trust vs. Mistrust --Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt --Initiative vs. Guilt --Industry vs. Inferiority --Identity vs. Role Confusion --Intimacy vs. Isolation --Generativity vs. Stagnation --Ego Integrity vs. Despair Communicable Disease - ANSWER Disease that can be spread from one person to another. For children 3 through 4, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 15 Sigmund Freud (Psychoanalysis; Psychosexual Stages of Development) - ANSWER •Believed that personality was strongly influenced by the ways in which children learn to expend what he called sexual energy from 1 stage to the next •Oral Stage (0-1 Years) •Anal Stage (1-3 years) •Phallic Stage (3-5 years) •Latency Stage (5-11 years) •Genital Stage (11+ years) Friedrich Froebel (Modern Day Kindergarten) - ANSWER •Referred to as the "Father of Kindergarten" •First educator to develop a planned, systematic program for educating young children •Emphasized the role of mothers in the young child's development •Emphasized the benefits of childhood play Disinfect - ANSWER To kill germs on surfaces or objects by using chemicals. This process does not necessarily clean dirty surfaces or remove all germs, but by killing germs on a surface after cleaning, it can further lower the risk of spreading infection. Howard Gardner (Cognitive Theory) - ANSWER •Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Intelligence is multifaceted & people have different combinations of strengths drawn from different intelligences) --Linguistic (verbal) --Logical (mathematical) --Spatial --Kinesthetic --Musical --Interpersonal (between people) --Intrapersonal (within self) --Naturalist --Existential •Theory of Entry Points (ways to enter into learning) --Narrational --Logical/Quantitative --Foundational --Esthetic --Experimental For children 4 through 5, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 20 John Locke (Tabula Rasa) - ANSWER •Said children are born as blank tablets (Tabula Rasa). •Believed children's experiences determine who they are Impermeable Surface - ANSWER A surface that is resistant to water, chemicals, and other fluids. These surfaces are required in areas such as changing stations, playpens, cots, and sleeping mats. Martin Luther (Universal Education) - ANSWER •Translated the Bible from Latin to vernacular language, allowing people to be educated in their own language. •He advocated establishing schools to teach children how to read. For children 5+, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 25 Abraham Maslow (Motivational Theory) - ANSWER •Hierarchy of Needs (Deficiency Needs) --Survival (food, water) --Safety --Belonging --Esteem (Being Needs) --Intellectual Achievement --Aesthetic Appreciation --Self-actualization Vaccine - ANSWER A product that protects an individual from contracting an infectious disease by stimulating their immune system. Maria Montessori (Cognitive & Educational Development) - ANSWER •All knowledge comes intrinsically from sensory experiences •Children learn on their own & differently from adults •Sensitive Periods for Growth & Development: --Order --Details --Use of Hands --Walking --Language In groups of mixed age ranges where children under 1 year of age are included, one staff member shall be responsible for no more than _ children of any age group. - ANSWER 4 Ivan Pavlov (Learning Theory) - ANSWER •Classical conditioning •Unconditioned Stimulus: automatic response (mint makes Dwight salivate) •Unconditional Reflex/Response: natural response (Dwight's mouth salivates) •Conditioned Stimulus: conditioned response (Jim training Dwight with mints & computer sound) •Conditioned Reflex/Response: response to neutral stimulus (Dwight holding his hand out for a mint when the computer dings) •Neutral Stimulus: non-responsive stimulus (computer ding) Health - ANSWER The total well-being of a person—including the physical, mental, and social self—in the absence of disease or other abnormal conditions. In groups of mixed age ranges, where 1 year of age are included, one staff member shall be responsible for no more than _children of any age group - ANSWER 6 Johann Pestalozzi - ANSWER •Advocated that education should follow the course of nature. •Believed all education is based on sensory impressions. Jean Piaget (Cognitive Development) - ANSWER •Stages of Development