Psych Nursing Exam 2

Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia? Dopamine GABA Acetylcholine Serotonin GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid) Prenatal and perinatal factors that result in the onset of schizophrenia include: viral infection maternal depression maternal smoking exposure to toxic waste viral infection Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia? Parietal lobe Limbic system Temporal lobe Hypothalamus temporal lobe Which neurotransmitter receptors are blocked by antipsychotic drugs? Norepinephrine GABA Serotonin Dopamine Dopamine Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of individuals with: schizophrenia major depression mania panic disorder major depression From 20% to 30% of individuals with depression have dysregulated: sleep cycles pitutiary function thyroid function eating patterns thyroid function The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they: increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse. decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse. increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion? Individuals with depression show suppression of plasma cortisol when given dexamethasone. Individuals with depression have a decreased plasma cortisol level despite administration of exogenous corticosteroids. Individuals with depression continue to exhibit elevated plasma cortisol levels throughout the evening and early morning. Individuals with depression have normal plasma cortisol levels throughout the day when they take antidepressant medication as prescribed. Individuals with depression continue to exhibit elevated plasma cortisol levels throughout the evening and early morning. A newly admitted patient diagnosed with schizophrenia is hypervigilant and constantly scans the environment. The patient states, "I saw two doctors talking in the hall. They were plotting to kill me." The nurse may correctly assess this behavior as: echolalia an idea of reference a delusion of infidelity an auditory hallucination an idea of reference A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia says, "My co-workers are out to get me. I also saw two doctors plotting to kill me." How does this patient perceive the environment? Disorganized Dangerous Supportive Bizarre Dangerous When a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia was discharged 6 months ago, haloperidol (Haldol) was prescribed. The patient now says, "I stopped taking those pills. They made me feel like a robot." What are common side effects the nurse should validate with the patient? Sedation and muscle stiffness Sweating, nausea, and diarrhea Mild fever, sore throat, & skin rash Headache, watery eyes, & runny nose Sedation and muscle stiffness Which hallucination necessitates the nurse to implement safety measures? The patient says, "I hear angels playing harps." "The voices say everyone is trying to kill me." "My dead father tells me I am a good person." "The voices talk only at night when I'm trying to sleep." "The voices say everyone is trying to kill me." A patient's care plan includes monitoring for auditory hallucinations. Which assessment findings suggest the patient may be hallucinating? Detachment and overconfidence Darting eyes, tilted head, mumbling to self Euphoric mood, hyperactivity, distractibility Foot tapping and repeatedly writing the same phrase Darting eyes, tilted head, mumbling to self A health care provider considers which antipsychotic medication to prescribe for a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia who has auditory hallucinations and poor social function. The patient is also overweight and hypertensive. Which drug should the nurse advocate? Clozapine Ziprasidone Olanzapine Aripiprazole Aripiprazole A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia tells the nurse, "I eat skiller. Tend to end. Easter. It blows away. Get it?" Select the nurse's best response. "Nothing you are saying is clear." "Your thoughts are very disconnected." "Try to organize your thoughts and then tell me again." "I am having difficulty understanding what you are saying." "I am having difficulty understanding what you are saying." A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibits little spontaneous movement and demonstrates waxy flexibility. Which patient needs are of priority importance? Self-esteem Psychological Physiological Self-Actualization Physiological A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia demonstrates little spontaneous movement and has waxy flexibility. The patient's activities of daily living are severely compromised. An appropriate outcome would be that the patient will: demonstrate increased interest in the environment by the end of week 1. perform self-care activities with coaching by the end of day 3. gradually take the initiative for self-care by the end of week 2. accept tube feeding without objection by day 2. perform self-care activities with coaching by the end of day 3. A nurse observes a catatonic patient standing immobile, facing the wall with one arm extended in a salute. The patient remains immobile in this position for 15 minutes, moving only when the nurse gently lowers the arm. What is the name of this phenomenon? Echolalia Waxy flexibility Depersonalization Thought withdrawal Waxy flexibility A patient is experiencing delusions of persecution about being poisoned. The patient has refused all hospital meals for 3 days. Which intervention is most likely to be acceptable to the patient? Allowing the patient supervised access to food vending machines Allowing the patient to phone a local restaurant to deliver meals Offering to taste each portion on the tray for the patient Providing tube feedings or total parenteral nutrition Allowing the patient supervised access to food vending machines Withdrawn patients diagnosed with schizophrenia: are usually violent toward caregivers. universally fear sexual involvement with therapists. exhibit a high degree of hostility as evidenced by rejecting behavior. avoid relationships because they become anxious with emotional closeness. avoid relationships because they become anxious with emotional closeness. A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia has taken fluphenazine (Prolixin) 5 mg po bid for 3 weeks. The nurse now observes a shuffling propulsive gait, a mask-like face, and drooling. Which term applies to these symptoms? Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Hepatocellular effects Pseudoparkinsonism Akathisia Pseudoparkinsonism A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia is very disturbed and violent. After several doses of haloperidol (Haldol), the patient is calm. Two hours later the nurse sees the patient's head rotated to one side in a stiff position, the lower jaw thrust forward, and drooling. Which problem is most likely? An acute dystonic reaction Tardive dyskinesia Waxy flexibility Akathisia An acute dystonic reaction