Laboratory Manual College Biology for AP Courses Lab Manual by OpenStax (Student Version)

Laboratory Manual College Biology for AP Courses Lab Manual by OpenStax (Student Version) Table of Contents Information for the Student 5 Lab 1: Lab Safety, Scientific Method, and Measurements 9 Lab 2: Introduction to Microscopy 16 Lab 3: Macromolecules in Common Food 24 Lab 4: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 32 Lab 5: Subcellular Structures 40 Lab 6: Diffusion and Osmosis 50 Lab 7: Factors Affecting the Enzymatic Activity of Lactase 59 Lab 8: Cellular Respiration 68 Lab 9: Fermentation in Yeast 77 Lab 10: Plant Pigments 83 Lab 11: The Light Reaction of Photosynthesis 91 Lab 12: Photosynthesis: The Dark Reactions 100 Lab 13: Mitosis and Meiosis 108 Lab 14: Mendelian Genetics 118 Lab 15: DNA Restriction Analysis 124 Lab 16: Bacterial Transformation 132 Lab 17: Hardy-Weinberg Equation 140 Lab 18: Natural Selection Simulation 143 Lab 19: Plant Transpiration 147 Lab 20: Biodiversity in Leaf Litter 153 5 To the Student: Congratulations on being accepted into, and having the courage to take, an Advanced Placement biology class! You are about to delve deep into some very detailed biology concepts. This lab manual aims to help you better understand these concepts through hands-on experiences in the laboratory. In addition, it will challenge you to critically think about biology concepts, scientific methods, and experimental design as part of its inquiry-based framework. Inquiry-based learning involves challenging yourself to learn through self-discovery. Instead of simply presenting you with facts to memorize, this manual encourages you to ask questions about the material that you will then answer through your own exploration. By creating your own hypotheses and then planning and carrying out your own experiments on a variety of topics in the lab manual, you will hopefully learn biology by satisfying your own curiosity. In this AP lab manual, the inquiry-based structure includes the following components: 1. Pre-assessment section. This section contains a list of questions that you should answer before starting each activity. These are meant to get you thinking about the main concepts of each lab. The pre-assessment questions are designed to connect the concepts in each la