NURS 6501
NURS 6501 Midterm Exam Course NURS-6501N-
• Question 1 The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which
cells?
Selected Answer: Platelets
• Question 2 1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good
control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: Uncontrolled
inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring. • Question 3 1
out of 1 points What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?
Selected Answer: Arterial stiffening • Question 4 1 out of 1 points People diagnosed with
neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle?
Selected Answer: Expressivity • Question 5 1 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what
alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Cells are unable to make the normal
amount of vasodilating cytokines. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for
older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals
related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells •
Question 7 1 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result
of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selected Answer: Murmur heard on auscultation •
Question 8 1 out of 1 points What are tumor cell markers? Selected Answer: Hormones, enzymes,
antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells • Question 9 1 out of 1 points Once they
have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively
attack? Selected Answer: mycoplasma • Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which gastric hormone
inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selected Answer:
Somatostatin • Question 11 1 out of 1 points What is the single most common cause of cellular
injury? Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury • Question 12 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the
students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What
statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selected Answer:
Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are a source of increased ammonia. • Question 13 1 out of 1
points Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by
which mechanism? Selected Answer: Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli • Question 14 1 out of
1 points A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The
healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way
valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration.
What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? Selected Answer: Assist with a chest tube
,insertion. • Question 15 1 out of 1 points What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are
covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? Selected Answer: Proximal
convoluted tubules • Question 16 1 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated
hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give
the patient an antihistamine. • Question 17 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with a
renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the
healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Selected
Answer: Ingest 1000 mg of calcium a day. • Question 18 1 out of 1 points Which hormone is required
for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic
hormone • Question 19 1 out of 1 points The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins
spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason? Selected Answer: It depolarizes
more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. • Question 20 1 out of 1 points What is one
function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer •
Question 21 1 out of 1 points When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition
is associated with only DKA? Selected Answer: Kussmaul respirations • Question 22 1 out of 1 points
Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone? Selected Answer: Increased
retention of water • Question 23 1 out of 1 points The student wants information about a patient's
renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate? Selected
Answer: Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine • Question 24 1 out of 1 points What is the most
important cause of pulmonary artery constriction? Selected Answer: Low alveolar partial pressure of
arterial oxygen (PaO 2) • Question 25 1 out of 1 points In teaching a women's community group,
which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the
colon, uterus, and kidney? Selected Answer: Women who have a high body mass index • Question 26
1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the
professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority? Selected Answer: Deep venous
thrombosis • Question 27 1 out of 1 points What is the second most commonly recognized genetic
cause of intellectual disability? Selected Answer: Fragile X syndrome • Question 28 1 out of 1 points
A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional
assesses the person for which of these? Selected Answer: Use of glucocorticoids • Question 29 1 out
of 1 points What is the cause of functional dysphagia? Selected Answer: Neural or muscular
disorders • Question 30 1 out of 1 points What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic
nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Selected Answer: Salivation decreases. • Question 31 1
out of 1 points Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
Selected Answer: Secondary • Question 32 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to
determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most
important for the professional to consider? Selected Answer: Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO 2 of 44
mmHg. • Question 33 1 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever
that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selected Answer: Endogenous
pyrogens • Question 34 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which
patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selected Answer:
Posterior pituitary trauma • Question 35 1 out of 1 points Within a physiologic range, what does an
increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? Selected Answer: Decrease in
repolarization • Question 36 0 out of 1 points Which patient would the healthcare professional
assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? Selected Answer: Has long-
, standing kidney disease from diabetes • Question 37 1 out of 1 points A student asks why some
vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is
best? Selected Answer: Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in
different types of cellular and humoral immunity. • Question 38 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge
reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selected Answer: Atria
• Question 39 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient
should the professional assess for hyperkalemia? Selected Answer: Renal failure • Question 40 1 out
of 1 points What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? Selected Answer: Metabolizing
bile salts, estrogens, and lipids • Question 41 1 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL;
positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K ) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na ) 130 mEq/L.
The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values
have to his insulin deficiency? Selected Answer: Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use,
ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis. • Question 42 1 out of 1 points A student asks
the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What
response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Excessive hormone production results from a
failure to turn • Question 43 1 out of 1 points A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's
facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Selected
Answer: Ca : 8.2 mg/dL • Question 44 1 out of 1 points A patient is having a spirometry
measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the
professional is best? Selected Answer: To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration
• Question 45 1 out of 1 points Which characteristic is the most important determinant of
immunogenicity when considering the antigen? Selected Answer: Foreignness • Question 46 1 out of
1 points Which renal change is found in older adults? Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of
nephrons • Question 47 1 out of 1 points If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the
oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Selected Answer: Shift to the right,
causing more oxygen (O 2) to be released to the cells • Question 48 1 out of 1 points Under
anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? Selected Answer: Glycolysis •
Question 49 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood
transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare
professional monitor the patient for? Selected Answer: Hemosiderosis • Question 50 1 out of 1
points The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with
decreased compliance? Selected Answer: stiffness • Question 51 1 out of 1 points What is one
function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer •
Question 52 1 out of 1 points Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain
microorganisms because of what? Selected Answer: Rapid response from IgA • Question 53 1 out of
1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the
professional is best? Selected Answer: Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. • Question 54
1 out of 1 points A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What
statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? Selected Answer: Gastric
emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid.. • Question 55 1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the
ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this
problem? Selected Answer: PR interval measuring 0.28 sec • Question 56 1 out of 1 points How do
free radicals cause cell damage? Selected Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the
NURS 6501 Midterm Exam Course NURS-6501N-
• Question 1 The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which
cells?
Selected Answer: Platelets
• Question 2 1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good
control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: Uncontrolled
inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring. • Question 3 1
out of 1 points What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?
Selected Answer: Arterial stiffening • Question 4 1 out of 1 points People diagnosed with
neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle?
Selected Answer: Expressivity • Question 5 1 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what
alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Cells are unable to make the normal
amount of vasodilating cytokines. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for
older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals
related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells •
Question 7 1 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result
of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selected Answer: Murmur heard on auscultation •
Question 8 1 out of 1 points What are tumor cell markers? Selected Answer: Hormones, enzymes,
antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells • Question 9 1 out of 1 points Once they
have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively
attack? Selected Answer: mycoplasma • Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which gastric hormone
inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selected Answer:
Somatostatin • Question 11 1 out of 1 points What is the single most common cause of cellular
injury? Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury • Question 12 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the
students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What
statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selected Answer:
Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are a source of increased ammonia. • Question 13 1 out of 1
points Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by
which mechanism? Selected Answer: Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli • Question 14 1 out of
1 points A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The
healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way
valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration.
What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? Selected Answer: Assist with a chest tube
,insertion. • Question 15 1 out of 1 points What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are
covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? Selected Answer: Proximal
convoluted tubules • Question 16 1 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated
hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give
the patient an antihistamine. • Question 17 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with a
renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the
healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Selected
Answer: Ingest 1000 mg of calcium a day. • Question 18 1 out of 1 points Which hormone is required
for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic
hormone • Question 19 1 out of 1 points The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins
spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason? Selected Answer: It depolarizes
more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. • Question 20 1 out of 1 points What is one
function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer •
Question 21 1 out of 1 points When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition
is associated with only DKA? Selected Answer: Kussmaul respirations • Question 22 1 out of 1 points
Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone? Selected Answer: Increased
retention of water • Question 23 1 out of 1 points The student wants information about a patient's
renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate? Selected
Answer: Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine • Question 24 1 out of 1 points What is the most
important cause of pulmonary artery constriction? Selected Answer: Low alveolar partial pressure of
arterial oxygen (PaO 2) • Question 25 1 out of 1 points In teaching a women's community group,
which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the
colon, uterus, and kidney? Selected Answer: Women who have a high body mass index • Question 26
1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the
professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority? Selected Answer: Deep venous
thrombosis • Question 27 1 out of 1 points What is the second most commonly recognized genetic
cause of intellectual disability? Selected Answer: Fragile X syndrome • Question 28 1 out of 1 points
A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional
assesses the person for which of these? Selected Answer: Use of glucocorticoids • Question 29 1 out
of 1 points What is the cause of functional dysphagia? Selected Answer: Neural or muscular
disorders • Question 30 1 out of 1 points What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic
nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Selected Answer: Salivation decreases. • Question 31 1
out of 1 points Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
Selected Answer: Secondary • Question 32 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to
determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most
important for the professional to consider? Selected Answer: Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO 2 of 44
mmHg. • Question 33 1 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever
that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selected Answer: Endogenous
pyrogens • Question 34 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which
patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selected Answer:
Posterior pituitary trauma • Question 35 1 out of 1 points Within a physiologic range, what does an
increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? Selected Answer: Decrease in
repolarization • Question 36 0 out of 1 points Which patient would the healthcare professional
assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? Selected Answer: Has long-
, standing kidney disease from diabetes • Question 37 1 out of 1 points A student asks why some
vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is
best? Selected Answer: Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in
different types of cellular and humoral immunity. • Question 38 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge
reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selected Answer: Atria
• Question 39 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient
should the professional assess for hyperkalemia? Selected Answer: Renal failure • Question 40 1 out
of 1 points What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? Selected Answer: Metabolizing
bile salts, estrogens, and lipids • Question 41 1 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL;
positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K ) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na ) 130 mEq/L.
The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values
have to his insulin deficiency? Selected Answer: Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use,
ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis. • Question 42 1 out of 1 points A student asks
the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What
response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Excessive hormone production results from a
failure to turn • Question 43 1 out of 1 points A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's
facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Selected
Answer: Ca : 8.2 mg/dL • Question 44 1 out of 1 points A patient is having a spirometry
measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the
professional is best? Selected Answer: To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration
• Question 45 1 out of 1 points Which characteristic is the most important determinant of
immunogenicity when considering the antigen? Selected Answer: Foreignness • Question 46 1 out of
1 points Which renal change is found in older adults? Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of
nephrons • Question 47 1 out of 1 points If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the
oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Selected Answer: Shift to the right,
causing more oxygen (O 2) to be released to the cells • Question 48 1 out of 1 points Under
anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? Selected Answer: Glycolysis •
Question 49 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood
transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare
professional monitor the patient for? Selected Answer: Hemosiderosis • Question 50 1 out of 1
points The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with
decreased compliance? Selected Answer: stiffness • Question 51 1 out of 1 points What is one
function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer •
Question 52 1 out of 1 points Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain
microorganisms because of what? Selected Answer: Rapid response from IgA • Question 53 1 out of
1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the
professional is best? Selected Answer: Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. • Question 54
1 out of 1 points A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What
statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? Selected Answer: Gastric
emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid.. • Question 55 1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the
ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this
problem? Selected Answer: PR interval measuring 0.28 sec • Question 56 1 out of 1 points How do
free radicals cause cell damage? Selected Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the
