MODULE-I
Introduction to Industrial Engineering - Evolution of modern Concepts in Industrial
Engineering - Functions of Industrial Engineering - Field of application of Industrial
Engineering - Design function - Objectives of design- Development of designs- prototype,
production and testing - Human factors in design - Principles of good product design-
tolerance design- quality and cost considerations- product life cycle- standardization,
simplification, diversification- concurrent engineering- comparison of production
alternatives - Economic aspects- C-V-P analysis – simple problems.
1.1 Industrial Engineering (IE):
IE determines the most effective ways of to use the basic resources (4Ms) of
production such as Men, Machines, Materials and Money. IE is concerned with the design,
improvement and installation of integrated systems of men, machines, materials and energy. IE
is regarded as the art of utilizing scientific principles, psychological data and physiological
information to design, improve and integrate industrial, management and human operating
procedures.
1.2 Evolution of Industrial Engineering:
Earlier, there was no established manufacturing industry during the pre-industrial
revolution phase and the concept of factory only had existed. The evolution of IE started in
England during the mid-18th century, which later spread gradually throughout Europe and to
the United States. Prior to industrial revolution, manufacturing was often done using hand
tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, automated, special
purpose machineries, factories and led to mass production.
Sl no Contributors Contribution
His Article the wealth of nations concerns with the
1 Adam Smith (1776) division of labour which became an important factor
revealing them in the forthcoming industrial revolutions
1|P age
, Charles W Babbage Wrote “On the economy of machinery and
2
(1832) manufactures”
His work was concerned with the productivity concepts.
He proposed a more rational and planned approach to the
3 F W Taylor (1881) production and shop management problems. His work
was mostly focused on planning and organization of
work.
His priority was on the economic features and
Henry R Towne
4 responsibilities’ of the engineers job in a paper that he
(1882)
presented to the ASME
Frederick A Halsey Father of the Halsey premium plan of wage payment
5
(1891)
He laid his ground work on developing activities in the
6 Henry L. Gantt (1910) industrial engineering and was the originator of Gantt
Chart.
Frank Gilbreth and Their work is mostly focused on improving the work
7 Lillian Gilbreth efficiency through method study
(1885)
He was awarded by cornell university for his research in
8 Ralph M Barnes
the area of motion study
9. L H C Tippett He developed the concept of work sampling (Time study)
George Bernard He is regarded as father of linear programming
10
Dantzing
11 Henry Ford He introduced the concept of mass production
The modern IE techniques had their origin during the mid-20th Century and it includes:
Value Engineering, Operations Research, Ergonomics, System Analysis, Advances in IT and
Computer Packages and Mathematical & Statistical Tools.
2|P age
, 1.3 Functions of Industrial Engineering:
According to American Institute of Industrial Engineers, the functions of IE are:
Method study: Used to establish a standard method of performing a job.
Work Measurement: Also called Time Study, and is used to establish a standard time for
a job.
Motion Economy: Used to study the motions employed by the operators to carry out the
job.
Incentives: Helps to ensure fair compensation for the effort of employees.
Value Analysis: Used to ensure that no unnecessary costs are built into a product.
Production Planning & Control: Employed to ensure the production of products of
right quality and quantity in the right time to meet the customer demands.
Inventory Control: Used to manage the quantity of stock.
Job Evaluation: Used to compare the relative worth of different jobs in an organization.
Material Handling Analysis: Used to analyze and examine the movement of materials in
a plant.
Ergonomics: Also referred as Human Engineering and is mainly concerned with the
human factors while designing a workplace.
Systems Analysis: Used to study various sub-systems and helps to design, modify and
improve its efficiency and effectiveness.
Operations Research Techniques: Used to find optimal solutions to problems based on
a set of objectives and constraints imposed on a problem under consideration.
1.4 Applications of Industrial Engineering:
IE is engineering approach to the detailed analysis of the use and cost of the resources
(4Ms) of an organization. IE finds wide applications in manufacturing as well as in service
sectors:
Manufacturing Sector:
Formulation of production plan, goal and targets.
Control of production processes.
Inventory control.
Design of appropriate layout for factories.
Scheduling of machines and processes.
3|P age
Introduction to Industrial Engineering - Evolution of modern Concepts in Industrial
Engineering - Functions of Industrial Engineering - Field of application of Industrial
Engineering - Design function - Objectives of design- Development of designs- prototype,
production and testing - Human factors in design - Principles of good product design-
tolerance design- quality and cost considerations- product life cycle- standardization,
simplification, diversification- concurrent engineering- comparison of production
alternatives - Economic aspects- C-V-P analysis – simple problems.
1.1 Industrial Engineering (IE):
IE determines the most effective ways of to use the basic resources (4Ms) of
production such as Men, Machines, Materials and Money. IE is concerned with the design,
improvement and installation of integrated systems of men, machines, materials and energy. IE
is regarded as the art of utilizing scientific principles, psychological data and physiological
information to design, improve and integrate industrial, management and human operating
procedures.
1.2 Evolution of Industrial Engineering:
Earlier, there was no established manufacturing industry during the pre-industrial
revolution phase and the concept of factory only had existed. The evolution of IE started in
England during the mid-18th century, which later spread gradually throughout Europe and to
the United States. Prior to industrial revolution, manufacturing was often done using hand
tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, automated, special
purpose machineries, factories and led to mass production.
Sl no Contributors Contribution
His Article the wealth of nations concerns with the
1 Adam Smith (1776) division of labour which became an important factor
revealing them in the forthcoming industrial revolutions
1|P age
, Charles W Babbage Wrote “On the economy of machinery and
2
(1832) manufactures”
His work was concerned with the productivity concepts.
He proposed a more rational and planned approach to the
3 F W Taylor (1881) production and shop management problems. His work
was mostly focused on planning and organization of
work.
His priority was on the economic features and
Henry R Towne
4 responsibilities’ of the engineers job in a paper that he
(1882)
presented to the ASME
Frederick A Halsey Father of the Halsey premium plan of wage payment
5
(1891)
He laid his ground work on developing activities in the
6 Henry L. Gantt (1910) industrial engineering and was the originator of Gantt
Chart.
Frank Gilbreth and Their work is mostly focused on improving the work
7 Lillian Gilbreth efficiency through method study
(1885)
He was awarded by cornell university for his research in
8 Ralph M Barnes
the area of motion study
9. L H C Tippett He developed the concept of work sampling (Time study)
George Bernard He is regarded as father of linear programming
10
Dantzing
11 Henry Ford He introduced the concept of mass production
The modern IE techniques had their origin during the mid-20th Century and it includes:
Value Engineering, Operations Research, Ergonomics, System Analysis, Advances in IT and
Computer Packages and Mathematical & Statistical Tools.
2|P age
, 1.3 Functions of Industrial Engineering:
According to American Institute of Industrial Engineers, the functions of IE are:
Method study: Used to establish a standard method of performing a job.
Work Measurement: Also called Time Study, and is used to establish a standard time for
a job.
Motion Economy: Used to study the motions employed by the operators to carry out the
job.
Incentives: Helps to ensure fair compensation for the effort of employees.
Value Analysis: Used to ensure that no unnecessary costs are built into a product.
Production Planning & Control: Employed to ensure the production of products of
right quality and quantity in the right time to meet the customer demands.
Inventory Control: Used to manage the quantity of stock.
Job Evaluation: Used to compare the relative worth of different jobs in an organization.
Material Handling Analysis: Used to analyze and examine the movement of materials in
a plant.
Ergonomics: Also referred as Human Engineering and is mainly concerned with the
human factors while designing a workplace.
Systems Analysis: Used to study various sub-systems and helps to design, modify and
improve its efficiency and effectiveness.
Operations Research Techniques: Used to find optimal solutions to problems based on
a set of objectives and constraints imposed on a problem under consideration.
1.4 Applications of Industrial Engineering:
IE is engineering approach to the detailed analysis of the use and cost of the resources
(4Ms) of an organization. IE finds wide applications in manufacturing as well as in service
sectors:
Manufacturing Sector:
Formulation of production plan, goal and targets.
Control of production processes.
Inventory control.
Design of appropriate layout for factories.
Scheduling of machines and processes.
3|P age
