hTextbook: Clinical Psychology Eighth Edition by ● May prescribe medication, treat physical
TIMOTHY J. TRULL and MITCHELL J. PRINSTEIN ailments, and give physical examinations.
(2013) ● Decline in interest:
○ Increased emphasis on biological
Part I. Foundations of Clinical Psychology approaches
○ Economic impact of managed
1 Clinical Psychology: An Introduction care on psychiatric practice
○ Increased competition from other
What Is Clinical Psychology? mental health specialties, such as
● J. H. Resnick (1991): The field of clinical clinical psychology
psychology involves research, teaching, and
services relevant to the applications of COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGISTS
principles, methods, and procedures for ● Activities overlap with clinical psychologists.
understanding, predicting, and alleviating ● Traditionally: work with normal or moderately
intellectual, emotional, biological, maladjusted individuals, group or individual
psychological, social and behavioral counseling.
maladjustment, disability and discomfort, ● Historically: focused on educational and
applied to a wide range of client populations. occupational counseling, often from a
(p. 7) person-centered or humanistic orientation.
○ Skills central: ● Currently: representing a wide range of
■ Assessment and diagnosis theoretical orientations (e.g., cognitive-
■ Intervention or treatment behavioral, psychodynamic). More interested
■ Consultation in private practice than vocational/career
■ Research counseling.
■ Application of ethical and ● Employment settings: college, schools,
professional principles hospitals, rehab clinics, industry, etc.
● American Psychological Association’s ○ “Counseling Center Responds to
Division 12: more recent definition! Married Students’ Needs”
● Services:
○ Preventive treatment
○ Consultation
○ Development of outreach programs
○ Vocational counseling
○ Short-term counseling/therapy
○ (+) individual psychotherapy
○ (+) psychological testing
● Distinctions between doctoral programs in
clinical and counseling psychology:
Closely Related Mental Health Professions
PSYCHIATRY
● Physician, rooted in the medical tradition and
exists within the framework of organized
medicine.
● Regards psychopathology as a mental
“illness” with discrete (often biologically
based) causes that can best be remedied
with a medical treatment.
● Intellectual heritage comes from the non-
medical contributions of Freud, Jung,
Adler, and others.
, Other Mental Health Professionals ● Focus on people who are physically or
CLINICAL SOCIAL WORKERS cognitively disabled (birth defect, injury,
● There are more clinically trained social later illness).
workers than psychiatrists, psychologists, ● Help adjust to their disabilities and the
and psychiatric nurses combined! physical, psychological, social, and
● Many conduct psychotherapy; diagnostic environmental barriers that often accompany
process. them.
● Place a greater focus on the familial and ● Settings: acute care facilities, medical
social determinants of psychopathology. centers, rehabilitation institutes and
● Intense involvement with everyday life and hospitals, community agencies, VA
stresses of patients! hospitals, and universities.
● Active > abstract or theoretical
generalizations PSYCHIATRIC NURSES
● 2 years of fieldwork placement; rather brief. ● Implement therapeutic recommendations.
● Working in close collaboration with the
psychiatrist or the clinical psychologist.
OTHERS
● Occupation therapists, recreational
therapists, art therapists, etc. (non-hospital
settings).
● Paraprofessionals: people who are trained to
assist professional mental health workers.
Professions and Titles Not Regulated by the
Government
SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS ● Therapist, psychotherapist
● Work with students, educators, parents, and ● No licensing requirements
school administrators to promote the
intellectual, social, and emotional growth of These mental health workers must:
school-age children and adolescents. 1. Document that they have obtained
● U.S. laws require that children who may appropriate professional training;
require special educational resources must 2. Pass a licensing exam indicating familiarity
receive a thorough educational with current practice parameters, ethical
assessment. regulations, and state laws;
● Intellectual ability and academic 3. Maintain their current knowledge of the field
achievement of youth. through ongoing educational requirements
● Settings: schools, nurseries, day-care (i.e., continuing professional education).
centers, hospitals, clinics.
Note: fulfilled specific educational requirements and
HEALTH AND REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGISTS licensing requirements regulated by state and
● No doctoral degrees requirement. provincial governments!
HEALTH The Clinical Psychologist
● Promotion and maintenance of good health. ● Little training in medicine.
● Involved in the prevention and treatment of ● More extensive training in psychological
illness. principles, functioning, assessment, and
● Design, execute, and study programs to help scientific research methods than
people stop smoking, manage stress, lose psychiatrists.
weight, or stay fit. ● More training in psychotherapy than
● Settings: consultants to business and psychiatrists.
industry. ● Regards psychopathology as a consequence
of interactions between individuals’
REHAB bio/psycho/social predispositions and their
experiences within the environment.
TIMOTHY J. TRULL and MITCHELL J. PRINSTEIN ailments, and give physical examinations.
(2013) ● Decline in interest:
○ Increased emphasis on biological
Part I. Foundations of Clinical Psychology approaches
○ Economic impact of managed
1 Clinical Psychology: An Introduction care on psychiatric practice
○ Increased competition from other
What Is Clinical Psychology? mental health specialties, such as
● J. H. Resnick (1991): The field of clinical clinical psychology
psychology involves research, teaching, and
services relevant to the applications of COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGISTS
principles, methods, and procedures for ● Activities overlap with clinical psychologists.
understanding, predicting, and alleviating ● Traditionally: work with normal or moderately
intellectual, emotional, biological, maladjusted individuals, group or individual
psychological, social and behavioral counseling.
maladjustment, disability and discomfort, ● Historically: focused on educational and
applied to a wide range of client populations. occupational counseling, often from a
(p. 7) person-centered or humanistic orientation.
○ Skills central: ● Currently: representing a wide range of
■ Assessment and diagnosis theoretical orientations (e.g., cognitive-
■ Intervention or treatment behavioral, psychodynamic). More interested
■ Consultation in private practice than vocational/career
■ Research counseling.
■ Application of ethical and ● Employment settings: college, schools,
professional principles hospitals, rehab clinics, industry, etc.
● American Psychological Association’s ○ “Counseling Center Responds to
Division 12: more recent definition! Married Students’ Needs”
● Services:
○ Preventive treatment
○ Consultation
○ Development of outreach programs
○ Vocational counseling
○ Short-term counseling/therapy
○ (+) individual psychotherapy
○ (+) psychological testing
● Distinctions between doctoral programs in
clinical and counseling psychology:
Closely Related Mental Health Professions
PSYCHIATRY
● Physician, rooted in the medical tradition and
exists within the framework of organized
medicine.
● Regards psychopathology as a mental
“illness” with discrete (often biologically
based) causes that can best be remedied
with a medical treatment.
● Intellectual heritage comes from the non-
medical contributions of Freud, Jung,
Adler, and others.
, Other Mental Health Professionals ● Focus on people who are physically or
CLINICAL SOCIAL WORKERS cognitively disabled (birth defect, injury,
● There are more clinically trained social later illness).
workers than psychiatrists, psychologists, ● Help adjust to their disabilities and the
and psychiatric nurses combined! physical, psychological, social, and
● Many conduct psychotherapy; diagnostic environmental barriers that often accompany
process. them.
● Place a greater focus on the familial and ● Settings: acute care facilities, medical
social determinants of psychopathology. centers, rehabilitation institutes and
● Intense involvement with everyday life and hospitals, community agencies, VA
stresses of patients! hospitals, and universities.
● Active > abstract or theoretical
generalizations PSYCHIATRIC NURSES
● 2 years of fieldwork placement; rather brief. ● Implement therapeutic recommendations.
● Working in close collaboration with the
psychiatrist or the clinical psychologist.
OTHERS
● Occupation therapists, recreational
therapists, art therapists, etc. (non-hospital
settings).
● Paraprofessionals: people who are trained to
assist professional mental health workers.
Professions and Titles Not Regulated by the
Government
SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS ● Therapist, psychotherapist
● Work with students, educators, parents, and ● No licensing requirements
school administrators to promote the
intellectual, social, and emotional growth of These mental health workers must:
school-age children and adolescents. 1. Document that they have obtained
● U.S. laws require that children who may appropriate professional training;
require special educational resources must 2. Pass a licensing exam indicating familiarity
receive a thorough educational with current practice parameters, ethical
assessment. regulations, and state laws;
● Intellectual ability and academic 3. Maintain their current knowledge of the field
achievement of youth. through ongoing educational requirements
● Settings: schools, nurseries, day-care (i.e., continuing professional education).
centers, hospitals, clinics.
Note: fulfilled specific educational requirements and
HEALTH AND REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGISTS licensing requirements regulated by state and
● No doctoral degrees requirement. provincial governments!
HEALTH The Clinical Psychologist
● Promotion and maintenance of good health. ● Little training in medicine.
● Involved in the prevention and treatment of ● More extensive training in psychological
illness. principles, functioning, assessment, and
● Design, execute, and study programs to help scientific research methods than
people stop smoking, manage stress, lose psychiatrists.
weight, or stay fit. ● More training in psychotherapy than
● Settings: consultants to business and psychiatrists.
industry. ● Regards psychopathology as a consequence
of interactions between individuals’
REHAB bio/psycho/social predispositions and their
experiences within the environment.
