AQA A-level GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Physical Geography Wednesday 17 May 2023

A-level GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Physical Geography Wednesday 17 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have:  the colour insert (enclosed)  a pencil  a rubber  a ruler. You may use a calculator. Instructions  Use black ink or black ball-point pen.  Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.  Answer all questions in Section A.  Answer either Question 2 or Question 3 or Question 4 in Section B.  Answer either Question 5 or Question 6 in Section C.  You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.  If you need additional extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).  Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The total number of marks available for this paper is 120. (JUN) G/KL/Jun23/E4 7037/1 Section A Water and carbon cycles Answer all questions in this section. box . 1 Outline the purpose of a flood hydrograph. [4 marks] Extra space Figure 1 is in the insert. Figure 1 shows information about freshwater abstraction in Finland in 2020. . 2 Analyse the data shown in Figure 1. box [6 marks] Extra space Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over ► Figure 2 is in the insert. Figure 2 shows global proposed carbon sequestration rates compared to implemented carbon sequestration rates between 2000 and 2020. . 3 Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, assess the challenges associated with carbon sequestration. box [6 marks] Extra space . 4 Evaluate the potential impact of changes in the carbon budget on a tropical rainforest that you have studied. [20 marks] Turn over ► Extra space End of Section A Turn over for Section B Turn over ► (07) There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED box Section B Answer one question in this section. Answer either Question 2 or Question 3 or Question 4. Question 2 Hot desert systems and landscapes . 1 Outline weathering processes in hot deserts. [4 marks] box Extra space Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over ► Figure 3 shows the changing size of the Sahara Desert between 1980 and 1990. A standard deviation calculation has been started. Figure 3 box Year Area (millions of km2) x x – x (x – x)2 1980 8.6 – 0.609 0.371 1981 8.9 – 0.309 0.095 1982 9.25 0.041 0.002 1983 9.4 0.191 0.036 1984 10.0 1985 9.25 0.041 0.002 1986 9.1 – 0.109 0.012 1987 9.4 0.191 0.036 1988 8.9 – 0.309 0.095 1989 9.2 – 0.009 0.000 1990 9.3 0.091 0.008 ∑x = 101.3 ∑(x – x)2 = 1.283 x = 9.209 . 2 Complete the table and standard deviation calculation in Figure 3 and evaluate the usefulness of the technique in analysing this data. box [6 marks] Extra space Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over ► Figures 4a, 4b and 4c are in the insert, and show information about a town in Egypt (El-Sheikh El-Shazli) which is prone to desert flash flooding. Figure 4a shows the location of El-Sheikh El-Shazli relative to a number of wadis in the area shown on a satellite image. Figure 4b shows sketch maps of the town and area flooded before and after increased urbanisation. Figure 4c is a photograph of the town looking towards the hills in Figure 4b. . 3 Using Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and your own knowledge, assess the relative importance of physical and human factors contributing to the flash flooding events in this area. [6 marks] box Extra space . 4 With reference to a hot desert that you have studied, assess the relative importance of different sources of energy in landscape development. [20 marks] Turn over ► Extra space End of Question 2 Turn over ► There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED box Question 3 Coastal systems and landscapes . 1 Outline processes of mass movement at the coastline. [4 marks] box Extra space Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over ► (17) Figure 5 shows the variation in tidal ranges at various locations across the British Isles. A standard deviation calculation has been started. Figure 5 box . 2 Complete the table and standard deviation calculation in Figure 5 and evaluate the usefulness of the technique in analysing this data. box [6 marks] Extra space Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over ► Figures 6a, 6b and 6c are in the insert. Figure 6a shows a photograph of mangrove taken above and below the water line. Figure 6b shows the major benefits of mangrove for people. Figure 6c shows the proportion of protected and unprotected mangrove in the ten largest nations with mangrove forests. . 3 Using Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and your own knowledge, assess the sustainability of mangrove forests in coastal management. box [6 marks] Extra space