ACE Personal Trainer Manual: Chapter 7
Functional Assessments
What are correctable factors that contribute to muscle imbalance and postural
deviations??
- repetitive movements
- awkward positions and movements (habitually poor posture)
- side dominance
- lack of joint stability
- lack of joint mobility
- imbalanced strength training programs
What are non-correctable factors?
- congenital conditions
- some pathologies
- structural deviations
- certain types of trauma
What kind of movement does pronation cause?
Arch flattening, foot eversion, knee internal rotation, femoral internal rotation
What kind of movement does supination cause?
High arches, foot inversion, knee external rotation, and femoral external rotation
What are characteristics associated with an anterior pelvic tilt?
- ASIS tilts downward and forward
- tight hip flexors and erector spinae
- lengthened hamstrings and rectus abdominis
What characteristics are associated with a posterior tilt?
- ASIS tilts upward and backward
- tight rectus abdominis and hamstrings
- lengthened hip flexors and erector spinae
What is scapular protraction?
noticeable protrusion of the medial border outward
What is winged scapulae?
noticeable protrusion of the inferior angle AND the medial border
What muscles are tight if the shoulders are not level?
- upper trapezius
- levator scapulae
- rhomboids
What muscles are tight if there is shoulder asymmetry to the midline?
- lateral trunk flexors
What muscles are tight if the shoulders are protracted?
- serratus anterior
- anterior scapulohumeral muscles
- upper trapezius
What muscles are tight if the humerus is medially rotated?
Functional Assessments
What are correctable factors that contribute to muscle imbalance and postural
deviations??
- repetitive movements
- awkward positions and movements (habitually poor posture)
- side dominance
- lack of joint stability
- lack of joint mobility
- imbalanced strength training programs
What are non-correctable factors?
- congenital conditions
- some pathologies
- structural deviations
- certain types of trauma
What kind of movement does pronation cause?
Arch flattening, foot eversion, knee internal rotation, femoral internal rotation
What kind of movement does supination cause?
High arches, foot inversion, knee external rotation, and femoral external rotation
What are characteristics associated with an anterior pelvic tilt?
- ASIS tilts downward and forward
- tight hip flexors and erector spinae
- lengthened hamstrings and rectus abdominis
What characteristics are associated with a posterior tilt?
- ASIS tilts upward and backward
- tight rectus abdominis and hamstrings
- lengthened hip flexors and erector spinae
What is scapular protraction?
noticeable protrusion of the medial border outward
What is winged scapulae?
noticeable protrusion of the inferior angle AND the medial border
What muscles are tight if the shoulders are not level?
- upper trapezius
- levator scapulae
- rhomboids
What muscles are tight if there is shoulder asymmetry to the midline?
- lateral trunk flexors
What muscles are tight if the shoulders are protracted?
- serratus anterior
- anterior scapulohumeral muscles
- upper trapezius
What muscles are tight if the humerus is medially rotated?
