MDC 1 Exam 1 Questions with Answers
2023
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and
Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self
Actualization
Assessment of Comfort Level - ask patient if they are comfortable
If they have physcial discomfort, assess level of pain and plan intervention
if it's mental discomfort, have them describe the nature of the stress
Interventions to prevent impaired comfort - anticipate which patient may experience
them and provide preplanned interventions
pain - 5th vital sign
cutaneous pain - superficial pain usually involving the skin or subcutaneous tissue
visceral pain - pain originating in the internal organs and is non localized
deep somatic pain - ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, nerves
radiating pain - starts at an origin but spreads to other locations
referred pain - pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates
phantom pain - pain or discomfort felt in an amputated limb
Assessment of Elimination - -take patient history
-monitor frequency, amount , and consistency
Interventions to prevent changes in elimination - adequate nutrition and hydration
Interventions for patients with changes in elimination - -Monitor pt for signs of fluid and
electrolyte imbalance
-adults experiencing urinary incontinence require frequent toileting
-Patients with short term urinary retention require one or more catherization
stress incontinence - involuntary urine loss with physical strain, sneezing, or coughing
urge incontinence - loss of large amounts of urine accompanied with a strong urge to
urinate
, overflow incontinence - small amounts of urine leak from a full bladder
functional incontinence - the person has bladder control but cannot use the toilet in time
unconscious incontinence - loss of urine when the person does not realize the bladder
is full and has no urge to void
intake - -measured in mLs
-everything liquid
output - stools and urine
Assessment of Fluid Balance - -health hx
-monitor vitals especially pulse rate and quality
-assess skin and mucous membrane for dryness and decreased turgor
Interventions to prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalance - drink 8 glassess of water a day
and eat a balanced diet
Interventions for fluid imbalance - fluid deficit: replace fluids
fluid overload: restrict fluid
Assessment of gas exchange - -health hx and assess patients breathing efforts and
pulmonary function test
interventions to prevent decreased gas exchange - teach infection control and to stop
smoking
interventions for someone with decreased gas exchange - having them sit up
Assessment of mobility - ROM, gait and activity tolerance
Interventions to prevent immobility - -determine who is at a higher risk
-teach patients to do ROM every 2 hours
Drinking fluids to prevent DVT
-evaluate need for assitive device
Interventions for immobility - -passive ROM
-reposition patients every 2 hours
-keep patient skin clean and dry
Assessment for sensory perception - -conduct a health hx and determine factors for any
sensory loss and perform cranial nerve test
2023
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and
Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self
Actualization
Assessment of Comfort Level - ask patient if they are comfortable
If they have physcial discomfort, assess level of pain and plan intervention
if it's mental discomfort, have them describe the nature of the stress
Interventions to prevent impaired comfort - anticipate which patient may experience
them and provide preplanned interventions
pain - 5th vital sign
cutaneous pain - superficial pain usually involving the skin or subcutaneous tissue
visceral pain - pain originating in the internal organs and is non localized
deep somatic pain - ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, nerves
radiating pain - starts at an origin but spreads to other locations
referred pain - pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates
phantom pain - pain or discomfort felt in an amputated limb
Assessment of Elimination - -take patient history
-monitor frequency, amount , and consistency
Interventions to prevent changes in elimination - adequate nutrition and hydration
Interventions for patients with changes in elimination - -Monitor pt for signs of fluid and
electrolyte imbalance
-adults experiencing urinary incontinence require frequent toileting
-Patients with short term urinary retention require one or more catherization
stress incontinence - involuntary urine loss with physical strain, sneezing, or coughing
urge incontinence - loss of large amounts of urine accompanied with a strong urge to
urinate
, overflow incontinence - small amounts of urine leak from a full bladder
functional incontinence - the person has bladder control but cannot use the toilet in time
unconscious incontinence - loss of urine when the person does not realize the bladder
is full and has no urge to void
intake - -measured in mLs
-everything liquid
output - stools and urine
Assessment of Fluid Balance - -health hx
-monitor vitals especially pulse rate and quality
-assess skin and mucous membrane for dryness and decreased turgor
Interventions to prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalance - drink 8 glassess of water a day
and eat a balanced diet
Interventions for fluid imbalance - fluid deficit: replace fluids
fluid overload: restrict fluid
Assessment of gas exchange - -health hx and assess patients breathing efforts and
pulmonary function test
interventions to prevent decreased gas exchange - teach infection control and to stop
smoking
interventions for someone with decreased gas exchange - having them sit up
Assessment of mobility - ROM, gait and activity tolerance
Interventions to prevent immobility - -determine who is at a higher risk
-teach patients to do ROM every 2 hours
Drinking fluids to prevent DVT
-evaluate need for assitive device
Interventions for immobility - -passive ROM
-reposition patients every 2 hours
-keep patient skin clean and dry
Assessment for sensory perception - -conduct a health hx and determine factors for any
sensory loss and perform cranial nerve test
