Fluid electrolytes imbalance

FLUID ELECTROLYTES
IMBALANCE

, OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit each learners will be able to
1. Review the physiological mechanism responsible for the movement of fluid and
electrolyte in the following body compartments.
 Between Intra Cellular Fluid (ICF) & Extra Cellular Fluid (ECF)
 Between Intravascular & interstitial.
2. Discuss the Starling’s Hypothesis to describe the movement of fluid across the
capillary wall.
3. Discuss the classification of fluid electrolyte imbalance in terms of:
 Isotonic imbalance
 Osmotic imbalance
 Compositional imbalance

,4. Discuss the causes manifestation, and pathophysiology of following isotonic
imbalance:
 hypovolemia
 hypervolemia
5. Discuss the causes, pathophysiology and clinical manifestation of the osmotic
imbalance:
 hyponateremia
 hypernateremia
6. Discuss the causes, pathophysiology and clinical manifestation of
compositional imbalance:
 hypokalemia
 hyperkalemia

, GENERAL CONCEPTS
• Intake = Output = Fluid Balance
 Sensible losses
Urination
Defecation
Wound drainage
 Insensible losses
Evaporation from skin
Respiratory loss from lungs