lOMoAR cPSD| 23050439
History of Nursing (History of Nursing in the World)
Periods of Nursing History
1. Intuitive Period/ Primitive/Instinctive Period (Primitive times – 6th century)
2. Apprentice Period (6th Century – 18th Century)
3. Educative Period (18th Century – 20th Century)
4. 9Contemporary Period (21st century)
1. Intuitive Period/Medieval Period Prehistoric → Early Christian Era More
on intuition NOMADS - travel from one place to another Survival to the fittest
“best of the most” – motto
Sickness is due to “voodoo”
Performed out of feeling of compassion for others
Performed out of desire to help Performed out of wish to do good
Nursing is given by the WOMEN
SHAMAN - uses white magic to counteract the black magic. They are
the doctors during those time
TREPHINING - drilling the skull Used to treat Psychotic patients.
Psychotic patients are believed to be possessed by evil spirits.
Growth of religion - most important thing that happened
Growth of civilization
Law of preservation – inspire man in search of knowledge
Rise in Civilization From the mode of Nomadic life → agrarian society →
gradual development of urban community life Existense of means of
communication Start of scientific knowledge → more complex life →
increase in health problems → demand for more nurses
Nursing as a duty of SLAVES and WIVES. NURSING DID NOT
CHANGE but there was progress in the practice of medicine. Care of
the sick was still closely allied with superstitions, religion and magic
Near East – birth place of 3 religious ideologist: Judaism ,
Christianity Mohammedism or Islam - Near East culture was adopted
by the Greeks and Romans combined with the wonders of the Far East by
returning crusaders and explorers improved and was carried to Europe
during the Renaissance Period that resulted to greater knowledge then to
the New World by the Early settlers.
New World – a tiny area known as a birth of monotheism that lies
between tigris and Euprates River in the Nile River arose the cultures of
babylonia, Egypt and Hebrew.
MONOTHEISM – believer of one God Different Civilization
BABYLONIANS
CODE OF HAMMURABI 1st recording on the medical practice
Established the medical fees
Discouraged experimentation
Specific doctor for each disease
Right of patient to choose treatment between the use of charms,
medicine, or surgical procedure
EGYPTIANS
ART OF EMBALMING Mummification
Removing the internal organ of the dead body
, Used to enhance their knowledge of the human anatomy. Since work was
done and performed on the dead, they learned nothing of Philosophy
“THE 250 DISEASES” Documentation about 250 diseases and
treatments HEBREWS
Teaching of MOSES - Created Leviticus, Father of sanitation, Practice
the value of “Hospitality to strangers” and the “Act of Charity” – contained
in the book of the old Testament
Laws controlling the spread of communicable diseases
Laws governing cleanliness
Laws on preparation of food Purification of man and his food
The ritual of CIRCUMCISION – on the 8th day after birth MOSAIC LAW
Meant to keep Hebrews pure so that they may enter the sanctuary
without affronting God Meant as a survival for health and hygienic reason
only
CHINA
Use of pharmacologic drugs
“MATERIA MEDICA” Book that indicates the pharmacologoc drugs used
for treatment
No knowledge on anatomy
Use of wax to preserve the body of the dead Method of paper making
FACTOR THAT HAMPERED THE ADVANCEMENT OF MEDICINE:
Prohibits dissecting of human body thus thwarting scientific study
INDIA
SUSHURUTO 1st recording on the nursing practice
Hampered by Taboos due to social strucures and practices of animal
worship
Medicine men built hospitals
Intuitive form of asepsis
There was proficient practice of Medicine and surgery NURSES
QUALIFICATIOS; Lay Brothers, Priest Nurses, combination of
Pharmacist, Massers, PT, cooks
There was also decline in Medical practice due to fall of buddhism – state
religion of India
GREECE
AESCULAPUS Father of medicine in Greek mythology
HIPPOCRATES Father of modern medicine - 1st to reject the idea that
diseases are caused by evil spirits, 1st to apply assessment , Practice
medical ethics
CADUCEUS Insignia of medicine Composed of staff of travellers
interwinedwith 2 serpent (the symbol of Aesculapus and his healing
power). At the apex of the staff are two wings of hermes (Mercury) for
speed.
NURSES → function of untrained slaves
ROMANS
Proper turnover for the sick people
“if you’re strong, you’re healthy” – motto
Transition from Pagan to Christianity
FABIOLA—was converted to Christian and later she converted her home
to a hospital and used her wealth for the sick. 1st hospital in the Christian
world
History of Nursing (History of Nursing in the World)
Periods of Nursing History
1. Intuitive Period/ Primitive/Instinctive Period (Primitive times – 6th century)
2. Apprentice Period (6th Century – 18th Century)
3. Educative Period (18th Century – 20th Century)
4. 9Contemporary Period (21st century)
1. Intuitive Period/Medieval Period Prehistoric → Early Christian Era More
on intuition NOMADS - travel from one place to another Survival to the fittest
“best of the most” – motto
Sickness is due to “voodoo”
Performed out of feeling of compassion for others
Performed out of desire to help Performed out of wish to do good
Nursing is given by the WOMEN
SHAMAN - uses white magic to counteract the black magic. They are
the doctors during those time
TREPHINING - drilling the skull Used to treat Psychotic patients.
Psychotic patients are believed to be possessed by evil spirits.
Growth of religion - most important thing that happened
Growth of civilization
Law of preservation – inspire man in search of knowledge
Rise in Civilization From the mode of Nomadic life → agrarian society →
gradual development of urban community life Existense of means of
communication Start of scientific knowledge → more complex life →
increase in health problems → demand for more nurses
Nursing as a duty of SLAVES and WIVES. NURSING DID NOT
CHANGE but there was progress in the practice of medicine. Care of
the sick was still closely allied with superstitions, religion and magic
Near East – birth place of 3 religious ideologist: Judaism ,
Christianity Mohammedism or Islam - Near East culture was adopted
by the Greeks and Romans combined with the wonders of the Far East by
returning crusaders and explorers improved and was carried to Europe
during the Renaissance Period that resulted to greater knowledge then to
the New World by the Early settlers.
New World – a tiny area known as a birth of monotheism that lies
between tigris and Euprates River in the Nile River arose the cultures of
babylonia, Egypt and Hebrew.
MONOTHEISM – believer of one God Different Civilization
BABYLONIANS
CODE OF HAMMURABI 1st recording on the medical practice
Established the medical fees
Discouraged experimentation
Specific doctor for each disease
Right of patient to choose treatment between the use of charms,
medicine, or surgical procedure
EGYPTIANS
ART OF EMBALMING Mummification
Removing the internal organ of the dead body
, Used to enhance their knowledge of the human anatomy. Since work was
done and performed on the dead, they learned nothing of Philosophy
“THE 250 DISEASES” Documentation about 250 diseases and
treatments HEBREWS
Teaching of MOSES - Created Leviticus, Father of sanitation, Practice
the value of “Hospitality to strangers” and the “Act of Charity” – contained
in the book of the old Testament
Laws controlling the spread of communicable diseases
Laws governing cleanliness
Laws on preparation of food Purification of man and his food
The ritual of CIRCUMCISION – on the 8th day after birth MOSAIC LAW
Meant to keep Hebrews pure so that they may enter the sanctuary
without affronting God Meant as a survival for health and hygienic reason
only
CHINA
Use of pharmacologic drugs
“MATERIA MEDICA” Book that indicates the pharmacologoc drugs used
for treatment
No knowledge on anatomy
Use of wax to preserve the body of the dead Method of paper making
FACTOR THAT HAMPERED THE ADVANCEMENT OF MEDICINE:
Prohibits dissecting of human body thus thwarting scientific study
INDIA
SUSHURUTO 1st recording on the nursing practice
Hampered by Taboos due to social strucures and practices of animal
worship
Medicine men built hospitals
Intuitive form of asepsis
There was proficient practice of Medicine and surgery NURSES
QUALIFICATIOS; Lay Brothers, Priest Nurses, combination of
Pharmacist, Massers, PT, cooks
There was also decline in Medical practice due to fall of buddhism – state
religion of India
GREECE
AESCULAPUS Father of medicine in Greek mythology
HIPPOCRATES Father of modern medicine - 1st to reject the idea that
diseases are caused by evil spirits, 1st to apply assessment , Practice
medical ethics
CADUCEUS Insignia of medicine Composed of staff of travellers
interwinedwith 2 serpent (the symbol of Aesculapus and his healing
power). At the apex of the staff are two wings of hermes (Mercury) for
speed.
NURSES → function of untrained slaves
ROMANS
Proper turnover for the sick people
“if you’re strong, you’re healthy” – motto
Transition from Pagan to Christianity
FABIOLA—was converted to Christian and later she converted her home
to a hospital and used her wealth for the sick. 1st hospital in the Christian
world
