Capstone Pharm 1 Assessment Review with Complete Solutions

Chemical name - ANSWER-- name of medication that reflects its chemical composition and molecular structure - EX: (isobutylphenylpropanoic acid) Generic name - ANSWER--The official or nonproprietary name the US Adopted Names Council gives a medication. - Each medication has only 1 generic name - lowercase always - Ex: (ibuprofen) Trade/brand name - ANSWER-- the brand or proprietary name the company that manufactures the medication gives it - one medication can have multiple trade names - EX: (Advil, Motrin) Uncontrolled Substances - ANSWER-- require monitoring by a provider, but don't generally pose risks of misuse and addiction. - antibiotics are an example of uncontrolled prescription meds Controlled Substances - ANSWER-- have potential for misuse and have a "schedule" classification - heroin is a schedule 1 & has no medical use in the US. - Medications in schedules II through V have legitimate applications - Each subsequent level has a decreasing risk of misuse and dependence Types of medication Prescriptions - ANSWER-- routine or standing - single or one-time - stat - PRN - components of a medication prescription - ANSWER--The client's full name -The date and time of the prescription -The name of the medication (generic or brand) -The dosage of the medication -The route of administration -The time & frequency of medication administration -exact times or # of times per day (dictated by facility policy or the specific qualities of the medication) -The signature of the prescribing provider medication reconciliation - ANSWER--Joint Commission requires policies & procedures for medication reconciliation. - Nurse should compile a list of current medication ensuring that all medications are included, with correct dosages & frequency. - This list should be compared with new medication prescripts & reconciled to resolve any discrepancies. - This list becomes current list form which medications should be administered. - This process should take place on admission*, when transferring between units or facilities & at discharge Rights of safe medication administration - ANSWER-- Right client/patient - Right medication/drug - Right dose - Right time - Right route - Right documentation - Right client education - Right to refuse - Right assessment - Right evaluation Common medication errors - ANSWER-- Wrong medication or IV fluid - Incorrect dose or IV rate - Wrong client, route or time - Administration of known allergic medication - Omission of dose - Incorrect discontinuation of medication - inaccurate prescribing - inadvertently giving a medication that has a similar name Using the Nursing process to prevent med errors: Assessment - ANSWER-- use appropriate resources and be knowledgable about med - obtain info about medical diagnosis and conditions that affect med admin - obtain necessary preadmin data (HR, BP, blood levels) - omit or delay as necessary for client's status - determine if prescription is complete - interpret the prescription accurately (abbreviations?) - question HCP if prescription is unclear or contraindicated - question HCP about abrupt or excessive med changes Using the Nursing process to prevent med errors: Planning - ANSWER-- ID client outcomes for med admin - set priorities (which med first?) Using the Nursing process to prevent med errors: Implementation - ANSWER-- avoid distraction during med prep