1st SEMESTER
A.Y. 2022 – 2023 |ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY
URINARY AND FLUID BALANCE
Urinary system
Kidney characteristics
- The major excretory system of the body
- Some organs in other systems also
eliminate wastes, but they are not able to
compensate in
Bilateral retroperitoneal organs
SHAPE and SIZE:
Functions of urinary system - Bean shaped
- Weighs 5 ounces (bar of soap or
size of fist)
1. Excretion
LOCATION:
2. Regulation of blood volume and blood
- Between 12th thoracic and 3rd
pressure
lumbar vertebra
3. Regulation of blood solute concentration
4. Regulation of extracellular fluid pH
5. Regulation of red blood cell synthesis Kidney structures
6. Regulation of Vitamin D synthesis
RENAL
CAPSULE –
components connective
tissue around
- Two kidneys each kidney;
- Two ureters protects and
- One urinary bladder acts as a barrier.
- One urethra
HILUM –
identification;
contains renal
artery, veins,
nerves, ureter.
|1
, Anatomy and physiology 1st SEMESTER | Urinary and fluid balance
RENAL SINUS – contains renal pelvis, blood RENAL CORPUSCLE – structure that contains
vessels, fat a Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus.
RENAL CORTEX – outer portion BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
- Enlarged end of nephron
RENAL MEDULLA – inner portion - Opens into proximal tubule
- Contains podocytes (specialized
RENAL PYRAMID – junction between cortex cells around glomerular capillaries)
and medulla
GLOMERULUS – contains capillaries wrapped
CALYX – tip of pyramids (major calyx and minor around it
calyx)
Renal corpuscle and filtration membrane
RENAL PELVIS – where calyces join; narrows
to form ureter
Longitudinal section of the kidney
Nephron
- Functional unit of the kidney
- Each kidney has over one million
nephrons
Two types of nephrons in the kidney:
1. Juxtamedullary
2. Cortical
- Approximately 15% are juxtamedullary
It includes: renal corpuscle, proximal
tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and
collecting duct
Nephron components
|2
A.Y. 2022 – 2023 |ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY
URINARY AND FLUID BALANCE
Urinary system
Kidney characteristics
- The major excretory system of the body
- Some organs in other systems also
eliminate wastes, but they are not able to
compensate in
Bilateral retroperitoneal organs
SHAPE and SIZE:
Functions of urinary system - Bean shaped
- Weighs 5 ounces (bar of soap or
size of fist)
1. Excretion
LOCATION:
2. Regulation of blood volume and blood
- Between 12th thoracic and 3rd
pressure
lumbar vertebra
3. Regulation of blood solute concentration
4. Regulation of extracellular fluid pH
5. Regulation of red blood cell synthesis Kidney structures
6. Regulation of Vitamin D synthesis
RENAL
CAPSULE –
components connective
tissue around
- Two kidneys each kidney;
- Two ureters protects and
- One urinary bladder acts as a barrier.
- One urethra
HILUM –
identification;
contains renal
artery, veins,
nerves, ureter.
|1
, Anatomy and physiology 1st SEMESTER | Urinary and fluid balance
RENAL SINUS – contains renal pelvis, blood RENAL CORPUSCLE – structure that contains
vessels, fat a Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus.
RENAL CORTEX – outer portion BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
- Enlarged end of nephron
RENAL MEDULLA – inner portion - Opens into proximal tubule
- Contains podocytes (specialized
RENAL PYRAMID – junction between cortex cells around glomerular capillaries)
and medulla
GLOMERULUS – contains capillaries wrapped
CALYX – tip of pyramids (major calyx and minor around it
calyx)
Renal corpuscle and filtration membrane
RENAL PELVIS – where calyces join; narrows
to form ureter
Longitudinal section of the kidney
Nephron
- Functional unit of the kidney
- Each kidney has over one million
nephrons
Two types of nephrons in the kidney:
1. Juxtamedullary
2. Cortical
- Approximately 15% are juxtamedullary
It includes: renal corpuscle, proximal
tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and
collecting duct
Nephron components
|2
