West Coast EMT Block 4 Exam Questions and Answers
1st Degree Burn
Tissue Effected?
Skin Color/Moisture/Appearance?
Superficial Thickness (Only Epidermis)
Red Skin
No Blisters or burns
2nd Degree Burn
Tissue Effected?
Skin Color/Moisture/Appearance?
Partial Thickness (epidermis and part of dermis)
Not subcutaneous tissue
Blistered/white to red/ moist and spotted
3rd Degree Burn
Tissue Effected?
Skin Color/Moisture/Appearance?
Full Thickness
All skin layers including subcutaneous and beyond
Dry/Leathery/white brown or black
hemothorax
Bleeding?
s/s?
Transport?
pleural space fills with blood
s/s: shock decreased breath sounds on affected side
rapid transport
Rule of 9's adults
Head
Chest
Arms
Abdomen
Groin
Legs
Head - 4.5
Chest - 9
Arms - 4.5
Abdomen - 9
Groin - 1
Legs - 9
(this is per side aka front and back)
anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock) S/s
Can develop within seconds, mild itching or rash, burning skin, vascular dilation,
generalized edema, coma, rapid death
, cardiogenic shock S/s
Pulse/Resp.'s/Blood Pressure?
Skin CMT?
Mental Status?
Right vs Left
P-Either R-Tachy BP-Brady and Narrowing
Cool Pale and Clammy/ Cyanotic
Anxiety to Decreased AMS
JVD/peripheral edema = R. Sided Failure
Crackles or rales upon auscultation L. Side fail
distributive shock S/s
Types of?
Anaphylactic/Neurogenic/Septic
hypovolemic shock S/s
Pulse/Resp.'s/Blood Pressure?
Skin CMT?
Mental Status?
Peripheral Pulse?
pulse up / resp.'s up / BP down
Pale Cool Clammy
Anxiety
Decreased Mental Status
Weak Peripheral Pulse
neurogenic shock S/s
Bradycardia, low blood pressure, signs of neck injury
Types of Obstructive Shock
Cardiac Tamponade, Tension Pneumothorax, Pulmonary Embolism
psychogenic shock S/s
Rapid pulse, normal or low blood pressure
septic shock S/s
Warm skin, tachycardia, low blood pressure
Pneumothorax
accumulation of air in pleural space
blood in pleural space will be deoxygenated
Open Pneumothorax
aka open chest wound or sucking chest wound
rapidly sealed with occlusive dressing
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Structural Weakness
weak area "bleb" can rupture spont
sudden unexplained chest pain and shortness of breath
Simple Pneumothorax
Doesn't result in major changes in pt physio
blunt trauma and often accompanies fractured ribs
Often worsens and develops complications (tension pneumo)
Tension Pneumo
1st Degree Burn
Tissue Effected?
Skin Color/Moisture/Appearance?
Superficial Thickness (Only Epidermis)
Red Skin
No Blisters or burns
2nd Degree Burn
Tissue Effected?
Skin Color/Moisture/Appearance?
Partial Thickness (epidermis and part of dermis)
Not subcutaneous tissue
Blistered/white to red/ moist and spotted
3rd Degree Burn
Tissue Effected?
Skin Color/Moisture/Appearance?
Full Thickness
All skin layers including subcutaneous and beyond
Dry/Leathery/white brown or black
hemothorax
Bleeding?
s/s?
Transport?
pleural space fills with blood
s/s: shock decreased breath sounds on affected side
rapid transport
Rule of 9's adults
Head
Chest
Arms
Abdomen
Groin
Legs
Head - 4.5
Chest - 9
Arms - 4.5
Abdomen - 9
Groin - 1
Legs - 9
(this is per side aka front and back)
anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock) S/s
Can develop within seconds, mild itching or rash, burning skin, vascular dilation,
generalized edema, coma, rapid death
, cardiogenic shock S/s
Pulse/Resp.'s/Blood Pressure?
Skin CMT?
Mental Status?
Right vs Left
P-Either R-Tachy BP-Brady and Narrowing
Cool Pale and Clammy/ Cyanotic
Anxiety to Decreased AMS
JVD/peripheral edema = R. Sided Failure
Crackles or rales upon auscultation L. Side fail
distributive shock S/s
Types of?
Anaphylactic/Neurogenic/Septic
hypovolemic shock S/s
Pulse/Resp.'s/Blood Pressure?
Skin CMT?
Mental Status?
Peripheral Pulse?
pulse up / resp.'s up / BP down
Pale Cool Clammy
Anxiety
Decreased Mental Status
Weak Peripheral Pulse
neurogenic shock S/s
Bradycardia, low blood pressure, signs of neck injury
Types of Obstructive Shock
Cardiac Tamponade, Tension Pneumothorax, Pulmonary Embolism
psychogenic shock S/s
Rapid pulse, normal or low blood pressure
septic shock S/s
Warm skin, tachycardia, low blood pressure
Pneumothorax
accumulation of air in pleural space
blood in pleural space will be deoxygenated
Open Pneumothorax
aka open chest wound or sucking chest wound
rapidly sealed with occlusive dressing
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Structural Weakness
weak area "bleb" can rupture spont
sudden unexplained chest pain and shortness of breath
Simple Pneumothorax
Doesn't result in major changes in pt physio
blunt trauma and often accompanies fractured ribs
Often worsens and develops complications (tension pneumo)
Tension Pneumo
