FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING 4TH EDITION BY DELAUNE - LADNER - TESTBANK

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse is participating in research that involves the systematic collection of numerical information and the analysis of that information using statistical procedures. This type of research is known as: a. quantitative research. c. evaluative research. b. qualitative research. d. exploratory research. ANS: A FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING 4TH EDITION BY DELAUNE - LADNER - TESTBANK Quantitative research is the systematic collection of numerical information and the analysis of the information using statistical procedures. Qualitative research is the systematic collection and analysis of more subjective narrative materials using procedures in which there tends to be a minimum of researcher-imposed control. Evaluative research is the systematic investigation of how well a program, practice, or policy is working. Exploratory research is the preliminary investigation designed to develop or refine hypotheses or to test the data collection methods. PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Framework| Types of Research Design 2. The Quality Improvement Committee within a hospital is utilizing evaluative research to do which of the following? a. Investigate the possibility of undertaking a research study b. Compare an intervention with a group versus a control group c. Describe a situation, problem, or phenomenon in a community d. Measure the effectiveness of a program, practice, or policy ANS: D Evaluative research measures the effectiveness of a program, practice, or policy. Describing a situation, problem, or phenomenon in a community is the definition of research. Investigating the possibility of undertaking a research study is the definition of exploratory research. Comparing an intervention with a group versus a control group is an activity within quantitative research. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Types of Research Design 3. The nurse is assisting the nurse researcher with an experimental research project. This type of research: a. describes a situation, problem, or phenomenon in a community. b. measures the effectiveness of a program, practice, or policy. c. controls the independent variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions. d. investigates the possibility of undertaking a research study. ANS: C Experimental research controls the independent variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions. Descriptive research describes a situation, problem, or phenomenon in a community. Evaluative research measures the effectiveness of a program, practice, or policy. Exploratory research investigates the possibility of undertaking a research study. PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Types of Research Design 4. The nurse is participating in a quantitative research study. Which of the following is a major characteristic of this type of research? a. Holistic design b. Deductive reasoning c. Complete and broad focus d. Analysis of words and individual interpretation ANS: B One characteristic of quantitative research is use of deductive reasoning. The other choices are characteristics of qualitative research. PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Table 3-1 Major Characteristics: Quantitative and Qualitative Research 5. The nurse is reading the hypothesis of a research study which is: To what extent does level of education predict compliance with the prescribed diet in clients with newly diagnosed type I diabetes? The dependent variable in this hypothesis would be: a. level of education. c. newly diagnosed. b. compliance with the prescribed diet. d. clients with type 1 diabetes. ANS: B The dependent variable is the variable that is hypothesized to depend on or be caused by or predicted by the independent variable. Level of education is the independent variable. Newly diagnosed and clients with type 1 diabetes define the population being studied. PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Framework 6. The nurse is reviewing the outcome of a research study to help plan client care. The nurse is utilizing research according to Carper’s empirical pattern of knowing which is which of the following? a. Interprets, engages, and envisions clues to knowledge b. Encounters and focuses on self and others c. Extends knowledge of valuing, clarifying, and advocating d. Uses research to explain, describe, and predict ANS: D According to Carper, there are four fundamental patterns of knowing. Within empirical, the nurse uses research to explain, describe, and predict. Within esthetics, the nurse uses research to interpret, engage, and envision clues to knowledge. Within personal, the nurse uses research to encounter and focus on self and others. And within ethical, the nurse uses research to extend knowledge of valuing, clarifying, and advocating. PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Framework 7. An adult is a subject in a nursing research study and asks to withdraw from the study. The appropriate response for the nurse researcher is to: a. allow the client to withdraw. b. encourage the client to remain in the study. c. cite the benefits of being a part of the research study. d. explain that the permission form they signed requires them to continue with the study. ANS: A The client has the right to withdraw. The nurse needs to protect the client’s right to selfdetermination, and when functioning in the role of advocate, the nurse should allow the client to withdraw from the study. The other choices would not protect the client’s right to self-determination. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Protecting Human Rights in Research 8. A nurse researcher has designed a study that requires the cooperation of staff nurses in a community health agency. One of the nurses is uncomfortable with the protocol and does not wish to participate in the study. How should this situation be handled? a. The nurse can be required to participate in the study as a condition of employment. b. The nurse should have his questions clarified regarding the protocol. c. The nurse can refuse to participate in the study. d. The nurse should resign from the agency. ANS: C Staff nurses who are expected to participate in research must have an adequate understanding of the nature of the study. The staff nurse has the right to refuse to participate in the study. The nurse should not be required to participate in the study as a condition of employment nor should the nurse have his questions clarified regarding the protocol. The nurse does not need to resign from the agency. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Framework: Rights 9. The nurse is planning a research study. The first step that this nurse will do in this process is: a. review relevant literature. b. create a statement of the research problem. c. select a research design. d. delineate the conceptual framework. ANS: B The first step in the research process is to create the statement of the research problem. Reviewing relevant literature is the third step in the process. Selecting a research design is the seventh step in the process. Delineating the conceptual framework is the fourth step in the process. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Steps in the Research Process 10. The nurse is studying the history of nursing research and learns that nursing research in the late 1950s and 1960s focused on: a. developing a scientific base for clinical practice. b. wellness, disease prevention, and health promotion. c. effective educational preparation of professional nurses. d. development of conceptual models and theories. ANS: C Nursing research in the late 1950s and 1960s focused on the effective educational preparation of professional nurses. Research during the late 1960s and 1970s focused on the development of conceptual models and theories. The other choices do not have a specific date associated with their study. PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Historical Development 11. Within a research hypothesis, the nurse is identifying the independent variable. An independent variable is best defined as: a. the outcome variable of interest. b. an abstraction or mental representation inferred from situations, events, or behaviors. c. constructs that are knitted together in an orderly system to explain the way people function. d. the variable that is believed to cause or influence the dependent variable. ANS: D The independent variable is the variable that is believed to cause or influence the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the outcome variable of interest. A construct is an abstraction or mental representation inferred from situations, events, or behaviors. A theory can be defined as constructs that are knitted together in an orderly system to explain the way people function. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Framework 12. The nurse reads that The Association of Collegiate Schools of Nursing was organized in 1932 with the purpose of : a. assisting nursing schools in developing standardized curriculum. b. promoting the conduct of research to improve nursing education and practice. c. offering accreditation to university-based nursing programs. d. communicating nursing research and scholarly activity. ANS: B The Association of Collegiate Schools of Nursing was organized in 1932 to promote the conduct of research to improve education and practice. The other choices do not describe the purpose of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Nursing and are incorrect. PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Historical Development 13. The nurse reads that The National Institute of Nursing Research was developed as a result of: a. federal studies that recommended nursing research be included in the mainstream of biomedical and behavioral sciences. b. the number of nursing research journals was increasing so much that there needed to be organization and centralization of research. c. the American Nurses Association established the need for further nursing research and dissemination of findings. d. the American Medical Association supported the nursing profession to perform their own clinical research. ANS: A The National Institute of Nursing Research was developed as a result of federal studies that recommended nursing research be included in the mainstream of biomedical and behavioral science. The other choices are not reasons why The National Institute of Nursing Research was developed and are incorrect. PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Historical Development 14. The nurse is participating in a type of study that uses ideas that are analyzed as words. This type of research is: a. evaluative. c. qualitative. b. quantitative. d. experimental. ANS: C In qualitative research, ideas are analyzed as individual words. In quantitative research, numbers are analyzed. Evaluative research investigates how well a program, practice, or policy is working. Experimental research is when the investigator manipulates the independent variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions. PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Table 3-1| Types of Research Design 15. The nurse is providing full disclosure to a client in order to obtain informed consent for a research study. Full disclosure is to include: a. informing the client of any possible risks and benefits. b. informing the client of what type of research design is being used. c. providing monetary reimbursement to the client for her time involved. d. having the client sign a disclaimer for any harm that may occur due to the study. ANS: A Full disclosure means that complete information is provided to potential research subjects regarding the nature of the study, the client’s right to refuse to participate, and the likely risks and benefits that could occur. The other choices are not included in full disclosure and are incorrect. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Framework: Rights 16. The nurse is reviewing the strategy for testing a hypothesis of a research project. This step of the research process is termed the: a. theoretical framework. c. operational definition. b. research design. d. abstract. ANS: B The research design is when the hypothesis is tested. Theoretical framework is a part of the introduction of the scientific problem. Abstract is a summary statement that identifies the purpose, methodology, findings, and conclusions of a research study. Operational definition is not a part of the research process. PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Abstract Contents| Framework 17. The nurse is reviewing a proposal for a research study in efforts to identify the underlying theory. In nursing research, a theory: a. determines the type of research design that will be used. b. identifies an abstraction or mental representation of behaviors or events. c. explains the way in which people function or react. d. involves the systematic collection of data. ANS: C In a theory, a set of concepts and propositions are placed in an order that explains the way people function or react. The purpose of the study is used to determine the type of research design that will be used. A construct identifies an abstraction or mental representation of behaviors or events. The systematic collection of data is done during the data collection phase of the research study. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Framework 18. The nurse reads the tentative prediction of the relationship between two or more variables being studied in a research project. This tentative relationship is considered as being the: a. theoretical framework. c. qualitative analysis b. construct. d. hypothesis. ANS: D The hypothesis is the statement of an asserted relationship between two or more variables. The theoretical framework is the theory that supports the research project. Construct is an abstraction or mental representation inferred from situations, events, or behaviors. Qualitative analysis is done after the data is collected and involves four distinct processes. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Framework 19. A type of study where the researcher manipulates a treatment or intervention, but the researcher is unable to randomize subjects into groups or lacks a control group is a(n): a. evaluative study. c. descriptive study. b. quasi-experimental study. d. experimental study. ANS: B A quasi-experimental study is one in which the subjects cannot be randomly assigned to treatment conditions even though the researcher can manipulate the independent variable. An evaluative study is the systematic investigation of how well a program, practice, or policy is working. A descriptive study is an investigation of the portrayal of the characteristics of persons, groups, or situations and the frequency with which certain phenomena occur. An experimental study is one in which the investigator controls the independent variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions.