BIOL 1031 LAB TEST THREE
Monday July 8, 2019
E. Coli Lab
o Plasmid: small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule, distinct from a cells
chromosomal DNA
Naturally exist in bacterial cells
Genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages,
such as antibiotic resistance
Karyotype
o What your chromosomes look like
Genotype
o What the gene looks like- Ex: AGTACCAGGTT
Phenotype
o Think of PH- physical
o Think of genes- dominant or recessive
o Proteins seen as your physical expression
o Ex: hair color, straight or curly
o What we see is the dominant form
Doesn’t mean its better, it’s the form that is most likely expressed in
the environment
Punnett Square
o SS- heterozygote dominant; straight hair
o Ss- heterozygote; straight hair
o ss- Heterozygote recessive; curly hair
Sickle Cell Anemia
o Since the shape of the red blood cell is changed (the phenotype), the
genotype
o BB: 25%
o Bb: 50%
o bb: 25%
o So, 75% chance of normal blood cells and 25% chance of sickle cell anemia
Wednesday July 10, 2019
Lab
o Glow under UV light
o Resistant to Amp.
Karyotype
o Chromosomes look like
o Structures
o Never have 3
Genotype
o What your gene looks like
o DNA
o Codes to Phenotype
This study source was downloaded by 100000868537585 from CourseHero.com on 07-13-2023 08:51:05 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/47390636/BIOL-1031-LAB-TEST-THREEdocx/
, Phenotype
o Physical appearance
o Expression
Allele
o Dominant/Recessive
Heterozygote
o Rr- show dominant form
Homozygous Dominant
o RR- Show dominant form
o Dominant does not equal better
Just based on environment you’re in to see if your alleles will make it
out
Homozygous Recessive
o rr- Show recessive
Notes
o Point of evolution- have babies stronger than you
Punnett Square
o Genotype
25% RR ; dominance
50% Rr ; dominance
25% rr ; recessive
o Phenotype
75% show dominance
25% show recessive
Hardy Weinberg Equation
o P2 + 2PQ + Q2 = 1
o To estimate the frequency of alleles in a population
o P+Q=1
P= dominant allele
q = recessive allele
2PQ = heterozygous
o If there is no equal, no evolution; no mutation—STAYS THE SAME
o Random mating
o No one can leave or enter population
o Population must be large
o No selection for one allele over the other
o No mutation allowed
If 47 dominants (p) and 53 recessive (q)
Fitting In Exercise
o A: bent little finger
Me: no
Everybody else: no
o B: Roll tongue
Me: Yes
This study source was downloaded by 100000868537585 from CourseHero.com on 07-13-2023 08:51:05 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/47390636/BIOL-1031-LAB-TEST-THREEdocx/
Monday July 8, 2019
E. Coli Lab
o Plasmid: small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule, distinct from a cells
chromosomal DNA
Naturally exist in bacterial cells
Genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages,
such as antibiotic resistance
Karyotype
o What your chromosomes look like
Genotype
o What the gene looks like- Ex: AGTACCAGGTT
Phenotype
o Think of PH- physical
o Think of genes- dominant or recessive
o Proteins seen as your physical expression
o Ex: hair color, straight or curly
o What we see is the dominant form
Doesn’t mean its better, it’s the form that is most likely expressed in
the environment
Punnett Square
o SS- heterozygote dominant; straight hair
o Ss- heterozygote; straight hair
o ss- Heterozygote recessive; curly hair
Sickle Cell Anemia
o Since the shape of the red blood cell is changed (the phenotype), the
genotype
o BB: 25%
o Bb: 50%
o bb: 25%
o So, 75% chance of normal blood cells and 25% chance of sickle cell anemia
Wednesday July 10, 2019
Lab
o Glow under UV light
o Resistant to Amp.
Karyotype
o Chromosomes look like
o Structures
o Never have 3
Genotype
o What your gene looks like
o DNA
o Codes to Phenotype
This study source was downloaded by 100000868537585 from CourseHero.com on 07-13-2023 08:51:05 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/47390636/BIOL-1031-LAB-TEST-THREEdocx/
, Phenotype
o Physical appearance
o Expression
Allele
o Dominant/Recessive
Heterozygote
o Rr- show dominant form
Homozygous Dominant
o RR- Show dominant form
o Dominant does not equal better
Just based on environment you’re in to see if your alleles will make it
out
Homozygous Recessive
o rr- Show recessive
Notes
o Point of evolution- have babies stronger than you
Punnett Square
o Genotype
25% RR ; dominance
50% Rr ; dominance
25% rr ; recessive
o Phenotype
75% show dominance
25% show recessive
Hardy Weinberg Equation
o P2 + 2PQ + Q2 = 1
o To estimate the frequency of alleles in a population
o P+Q=1
P= dominant allele
q = recessive allele
2PQ = heterozygous
o If there is no equal, no evolution; no mutation—STAYS THE SAME
o Random mating
o No one can leave or enter population
o Population must be large
o No selection for one allele over the other
o No mutation allowed
If 47 dominants (p) and 53 recessive (q)
Fitting In Exercise
o A: bent little finger
Me: no
Everybody else: no
o B: Roll tongue
Me: Yes
This study source was downloaded by 100000868537585 from CourseHero.com on 07-13-2023 08:51:05 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/47390636/BIOL-1031-LAB-TEST-THREEdocx/
