CARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY STUDY GUIDE FOR NRSG 2730

Cardiac Study Guide for NRSG 2730 (20 questions ) 1. Know your rhythms 2. Be able to distinguish between the different types of cardiomyopathies 3. Care of a pacemaker 4. Care of the CHF patient Respiratory Study Guide for NRSG 2730 (13 questions) 1. ABG- non-compensation/ compensation a. pH:7.35-7.45 b. PCO2:35-45 (reverse) c. HCO3:22-26 - Full compensation o Achieved if the pH is within normal range - Partial compensation o Achieved if the respiratory and metabolic process are opposite each other and pH is outside normal range - Uncompensated o occurs when either the PaCO2 or HCO3 are normal with the other component abnormal - Respiratory Acidosis o Causes  Hypoventilation  Drug overdose  Pulmonary Edema  Airway Obstruction  Mechanical Ventilation  Neuromuscular Disease o Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis  rapid shallow breaths  drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation  dyspnea  HA  Hyperkalemia  muscle weakness  hyperreflexia  dysrhythmias - Metabolic Acidosis o What is it? CARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY STUDY GUIDE FOR NRSG 2730  Metabolic problem due to the buildup of acid in the body fluids which affects the bicarbonate levels o Causes  DKA  Renal Failure  Severe Diarrhea  Shock  o Signs and Symptoms  HA  Hypotension  Hyperkalemia  Muscle Twitching  Decrease muscle tone and reflexes  Kussmauls Respiration  Warm flushed skin  Nausea and Vomiting - Respiratory Alkalosis o Causes  Hyperventilation  Initial stages of PE  Hypoxia  Aspirin Toxicity  Fever  Pregnancy  High Altitudes  Anxiety o Signs and Sx  Seizures  deep, rapid breathing  tachycardia  light headedness  N/V  Hypokalemia  numbness & tingling of extremities - Metabolic Alkalosis o What is it?  A metabolic problem caused by the excessive loss of acids or increase amount of bicarb produced in the body that leads to an alcoholic state in the body. Disease processes and drugs can cause this. o Causes  Loss of gastric juices/ GI Suctioning  Overuse of antacids  Potassium wasting diuretics  Lots of vomiting  Excessive production of aldosterone