MEDICAL SURGERY FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Final Exam Review Hematology 1. A patient has come to the OB/GYN clinic due to recent heavy menstrual flow. Because of the patient’s consequent increase in RBC production, the nurse knows that the patient may need to increase her daily intake of what substance? a Iron 2. The nurse is planning the care of a patient with the nutritional deficit and a diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia. The nurse should recognize that this patient’s health problem is due to what? a Abnormalities in the structure and function of RBCs 3. A client hospitalized with sickle cell crisis frequently asks for opioid pain medications, often shortly after receiving a dose. The nurses on the unit believe the client is drug seeking. When the client requests pain medication, what action by the nurse is best? a Give the client pain medication if it is time for another dose 4. Patient with blood type O receives Blood type O 5. A nurse is caring for a patient who is undergoing preliminary testing for a hematologic disorder. What sign or symptom most likely suggests a potential hematologic disorder? a Severe fatigue 6. The nurse caring for a patient receiving a transfusion notes that 15 minutes after the infusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) has begun, the patient is having difficulty breathing and complains of severe chest tightness. What is the most appropriate initial action for the nurse to take? a Stop the transfusion immediately 7. The nurse is caring for a patient who has developed scar tissue in many of the areas that normally produce blood cells. What organs can become active in blood cell production by the process of extramedullary hematopoiesis? a Liver and Spleen MEDICAL SURGERY FINAL EXAM REVIEW 8. A patient undergoing a hip replacement has autologous blood on standby if a transfusion is needed. What is the primary advantage of autologous transfusions? a Prevention of viral infections from another person’s blood 9. A patient has been diagnosed with a lymphoid stem cell defect. This patient has the potential for a problem involving which of the following? a Plasma cells 10. The nurse is describing normal RBC physiology to a patient who has a diagnosis of anemia. The nurse should explain that the RBCs consist primarily of which of the following? a Hemoglobin 11. The nurse educating a patient with anemia is describing the process of RBC production. When the patient’s kidneys sense a low level of oxygen in circulating blood, what physiologic response is initiated? a Increased production of erythropoietin 12. A patient is being treated for the effects of a longstanding vitamin B12 deficiency. What aspect of the patient’s health history would most likely predispose her to this deficiency? a The patient is vegan 13. The nurses review of a patient’s most recent blood work reveals a significant increase in the number of band cells. The nurse’s subsequent assessment should focus on which of the following? a Signs and symptoms of infection 14. A nurse is educating a patient about the role of B lymphocytes. The nurse’s description will include which of the following physiologic processes? a Antibody production 15. An individual has accidentally cut his hand, immediately initiating the process of hemostasis. Following vasoconstriction, what event in the process of hemostasis will take place? a Platelets will aggregate at the injury site 16. A client’s health history reveals daily consumption of two to three bottles of wine. The nurse should plan assessments and interventions in light of the patient’s increased risk for what hematologic disorder? a Anemia