CPPS – 18CPS13 Solutions
ASSIGNMENT 1
1. With a neat block diagram of computer, explain its components.
The CPU comprises of following components:
i. ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit)
ii. CU (Control Unit)
iii. Special-purpose registers
iv. A clock
The ALU is a “super calculator” carrying out all arithmetic tasks and Boolean operations.
The CU controls the way data is moved between the various components of computer.
Both ALU and CU use the service of clock for synchronizing their Operations.
The CPU uses a few high-speed registers to store the current instruction and its data. One of the
registers, program counter, stores the address of next instruction to be executed.
All program instructions are executed using the fetch-decode-execute mechanism.
The CPUs are rated in GHz (gigahertz).
Input Unit: It is used to give the input that is data to the computer. It is done with the help of input
devices. Ex: Mouse, Keyboard
Output Unit: It is used to receive the output (information) from the computer. It is done with the help
of output devices. Ex: Printer, Speaker.
Memory: Collection of chips on motherboard, where all computer processing and program instructions
are stored. There are two types: Primary Memory and Secondary Memory.
Figure 1: Functional Components of Computer
2. Explain LAN, WAN, MAN, and Network.
LAN: LAN stands for Local Area Network. They are used in smaller organizations usually using Ethernet.
The usual speed will be 100Mbps.
Prof. Suvika K V, Dept. of CSE, CBIT, Kolar 2020-21
1
, CPPS – 18CPS13 Solutions
WAN: WAN stands for Wide Area Network. They are used in cities and can connect larger distance. They
use optic fiber cables. Banks, Airline and Hotel reservations use WANs.
MAN: MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network. It is sandwiched between LAN and WAN and used
for interconnecting in same cities.
Network: A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources.
3. Define: Hub, Switch, Registers, Cache, Constant, Declaration and Ports.
Hub: HUB accepts network data from computer and broadcasts to the nodes by checking destination
address.
Switch: SWITCH will have a table which contains MAC addresses of connected devices. The data is sent
after looking up the table for destination.
Registers: Registers are used to store the current instruction and its data.
Cache: It holds the portions of program that are frequently used by CPU.
Constant: Constants are the values that doesn’t changes during the execution of a program.
Declaration: Declaration means creating a variable and mentioning the data type.
Ports: Devices like scanners, printers are connected to a computer through docking points called ports
4. Define topology. Explain its types.
Topology: The ways used to connect the computers. The different types are: Bus, Star, Ring, and Mesh.
1. Bus Topology: It uses a single cable called as bus to which all computers are connected. The failure
of one single node doesn’t disturb other nodes.
2. Star Topology: It uses a central hub to which all nodes are connected. If the hub fails, entire network
fails and the nodes cannot be added easily.
3. Ring Topology: It is connected in the form of closed loop without hub. Data moves from node to
node. For unidirectional rings, if one node fails, the network fails.
4. Mesh Topology: Nodes are connected to one another offering multiple paths. If node breaks down,
then data passing changes its route. It is expensive.
5. Explain any two input and two output devices.
Explain any two – I have given all the devices as answer here.
Prof. Suvika K V, Dept. of CSE, CBIT, Kolar 2020-21
2
, CPPS – 18CPS13 Solutions
Input Devices: Input devices are needed to interact with the OS to perform tasks. Ex: Keyboard, Mouse,
Joystick, Stylus, Scanner etc.
Keyboard: Every computer supports a keyboard – either a physical or touchscreen. The keyboard has
QWERTY layout and contains large number of symbols. Each letter, numeral or symbol is known as a
character, which represents smallest piece of information. Each character has a unique values called the ASCII
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) value.
Pointing Devices: GUI (Graphical User Interfaces) like windows need a pointing device to control the
movement of cursor on the screen. This is implemented as mouse in desktop and touchpad in laptop. The
earliest form has a rotating ball and two buttons. The left button is used for selecting (by clicking once) and
execute (by clicking twice). The right button is used to check and change attributes. The optical mouse uses
infrared laser/LED, the wireless mouse uses radio frequency technology.
Scanner: A scanner is a device that creates a digital image of a document by optically scanning it. The
flatbed scanner doesn’t exceed more than A4 size. It is operated with by using special software. The document
to be scanned is placed on a glass plate covered by lid. Modern scanners have OCR (Optical Character
Recognition) facility which extracts text as a stream of characters i.e. converting image file to text file and
MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) reads the codes using hand held barcode readers.
Output Devices: The information produced can be heard or seen with the help of output devices. Some of
the output devices are monitor, speaker, printer, plotter etc.
Monitor: The monitor is an integral part of computer which displays both text and graphics. The
performance is measured in terms of image quality, resolution, energy consumption.
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitors: The CRT monitors have a rarefied tube containing three electron guns.
The guns emit electrons create images. They usually have resolution of 640*840 pixels. They are large, heavy,
energy efficient and produces lot of heat.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Monitors: The image is formed by applying voltage on crystals. The
backlight is provided by fluorescent light. They consume less power, generate less heat and have increased
life span.
Impact Printers: It produces the hardcopy of output. The impact printers are old, noisy.
But, still dot-matrix printer is in usage.
Dot-Matrix Printer: The print head of the dot-matrix printer has either 9 or 24 pins. When the pins fire
against the ribbon, an impression is created on the paper. The speed is 300 cps and doesn’t produce high
quality output. It can produce multiple copies.
Daisy-wheel Printer: It employs a wheel with separate characters distributed along its outer edge. The wheels
can be changed to obtain different set of fonts.
Line Printer: For heavy printing, the line printer is used. It uses a print chain containing the characters.
Hammers strike the paper to print and it rotates at the speed of 1200 lpm. It is also noisy and is of low-quality.
Prof. Suvika K V, Dept. of CSE, CBIT, Kolar 2020-21
3
, CPPS – 18CPS13 Solutions
Non-Impact Printers: They are fast, quiet and of high resolution. The most commonly used non-
impact printers are laser and ink-jet printers. The thermal printer is not discussed here because it uses heat to
print on high-sensitive paper.
Laser Printer: It works like a photocopier and uses toner i.e. black magnetic powder. The image is created
in the form of dots and passed from drums on to the paper. It has built-in RAM which acts as buffer and RAM
to store fonts. The resolution varies from 300 dpi to 1200 dpi and the speed is about 20 ppm.
Ink-jet Printer: These are affordable printers. It sprays tiny drops of ink at high pressure as it moves along
the paper. The separate cartridges are available for different colors. The resolution is about 300 dpi, can print
1 to 6 pages/min.
Plotters: The plotter can make drawings. It uses one or more automated pens. The commands are
taken from special file called vector graphic files. Depending on type of plotter either paper or pen moves. It
can handle large paper sizes and it is used for creative drawings like buildings and machines. They are slow
and expensive.
6. What is software? Explain its types.
Software is a collection of code that drives a computer to perform related group of tasks. There are two types:
two types: System software and Application Software.
System Software Application Software
System software is used for operating computer Application software is used by user to perform
hardware. specific task.
System softwares are installed on the computer Application softwares are installed according to
when operating system is installed. user’s requirements.
In general, the user does not interact with system In general, the user interacts with application
software because it works in the background. softwares.
System software can run independently. It Application software can’t run independently.
provides platform for running application They can’t run without the presence of system
softwares. software.
Some examples of system softwares are Some examples of application softwares are word
compiler, assembler, debugger, driver, etc. processor, web browser, media player, etc.
7. What is a Computer? Explain the generations of computer.
Computer: Computer is an electronic device which accepts input, processes data, stores information and
produces output.
Generations of Computer: The computer of each generation is smaller, faster and more powerful than
preceding generation. There are five computer generations.
First Generation: The vacuum tubes were used for computation. Magnetic drums were used for
memory requirements. It consumed lot of space, power and generated lot of power. ENIAC (Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer) used 18000 vacuum tubes, 1800 acquired sq. ft. room space and
consumed 180KW of power. The machine level language (0s and 1s) was used. Punched cards were used for
input and Paper for output. They were used for scientific work.
Prof. Suvika K V, Dept. of CSE, CBIT, Kolar 2020-21
4
ASSIGNMENT 1
1. With a neat block diagram of computer, explain its components.
The CPU comprises of following components:
i. ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit)
ii. CU (Control Unit)
iii. Special-purpose registers
iv. A clock
The ALU is a “super calculator” carrying out all arithmetic tasks and Boolean operations.
The CU controls the way data is moved between the various components of computer.
Both ALU and CU use the service of clock for synchronizing their Operations.
The CPU uses a few high-speed registers to store the current instruction and its data. One of the
registers, program counter, stores the address of next instruction to be executed.
All program instructions are executed using the fetch-decode-execute mechanism.
The CPUs are rated in GHz (gigahertz).
Input Unit: It is used to give the input that is data to the computer. It is done with the help of input
devices. Ex: Mouse, Keyboard
Output Unit: It is used to receive the output (information) from the computer. It is done with the help
of output devices. Ex: Printer, Speaker.
Memory: Collection of chips on motherboard, where all computer processing and program instructions
are stored. There are two types: Primary Memory and Secondary Memory.
Figure 1: Functional Components of Computer
2. Explain LAN, WAN, MAN, and Network.
LAN: LAN stands for Local Area Network. They are used in smaller organizations usually using Ethernet.
The usual speed will be 100Mbps.
Prof. Suvika K V, Dept. of CSE, CBIT, Kolar 2020-21
1
, CPPS – 18CPS13 Solutions
WAN: WAN stands for Wide Area Network. They are used in cities and can connect larger distance. They
use optic fiber cables. Banks, Airline and Hotel reservations use WANs.
MAN: MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network. It is sandwiched between LAN and WAN and used
for interconnecting in same cities.
Network: A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources.
3. Define: Hub, Switch, Registers, Cache, Constant, Declaration and Ports.
Hub: HUB accepts network data from computer and broadcasts to the nodes by checking destination
address.
Switch: SWITCH will have a table which contains MAC addresses of connected devices. The data is sent
after looking up the table for destination.
Registers: Registers are used to store the current instruction and its data.
Cache: It holds the portions of program that are frequently used by CPU.
Constant: Constants are the values that doesn’t changes during the execution of a program.
Declaration: Declaration means creating a variable and mentioning the data type.
Ports: Devices like scanners, printers are connected to a computer through docking points called ports
4. Define topology. Explain its types.
Topology: The ways used to connect the computers. The different types are: Bus, Star, Ring, and Mesh.
1. Bus Topology: It uses a single cable called as bus to which all computers are connected. The failure
of one single node doesn’t disturb other nodes.
2. Star Topology: It uses a central hub to which all nodes are connected. If the hub fails, entire network
fails and the nodes cannot be added easily.
3. Ring Topology: It is connected in the form of closed loop without hub. Data moves from node to
node. For unidirectional rings, if one node fails, the network fails.
4. Mesh Topology: Nodes are connected to one another offering multiple paths. If node breaks down,
then data passing changes its route. It is expensive.
5. Explain any two input and two output devices.
Explain any two – I have given all the devices as answer here.
Prof. Suvika K V, Dept. of CSE, CBIT, Kolar 2020-21
2
, CPPS – 18CPS13 Solutions
Input Devices: Input devices are needed to interact with the OS to perform tasks. Ex: Keyboard, Mouse,
Joystick, Stylus, Scanner etc.
Keyboard: Every computer supports a keyboard – either a physical or touchscreen. The keyboard has
QWERTY layout and contains large number of symbols. Each letter, numeral or symbol is known as a
character, which represents smallest piece of information. Each character has a unique values called the ASCII
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) value.
Pointing Devices: GUI (Graphical User Interfaces) like windows need a pointing device to control the
movement of cursor on the screen. This is implemented as mouse in desktop and touchpad in laptop. The
earliest form has a rotating ball and two buttons. The left button is used for selecting (by clicking once) and
execute (by clicking twice). The right button is used to check and change attributes. The optical mouse uses
infrared laser/LED, the wireless mouse uses radio frequency technology.
Scanner: A scanner is a device that creates a digital image of a document by optically scanning it. The
flatbed scanner doesn’t exceed more than A4 size. It is operated with by using special software. The document
to be scanned is placed on a glass plate covered by lid. Modern scanners have OCR (Optical Character
Recognition) facility which extracts text as a stream of characters i.e. converting image file to text file and
MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) reads the codes using hand held barcode readers.
Output Devices: The information produced can be heard or seen with the help of output devices. Some of
the output devices are monitor, speaker, printer, plotter etc.
Monitor: The monitor is an integral part of computer which displays both text and graphics. The
performance is measured in terms of image quality, resolution, energy consumption.
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitors: The CRT monitors have a rarefied tube containing three electron guns.
The guns emit electrons create images. They usually have resolution of 640*840 pixels. They are large, heavy,
energy efficient and produces lot of heat.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Monitors: The image is formed by applying voltage on crystals. The
backlight is provided by fluorescent light. They consume less power, generate less heat and have increased
life span.
Impact Printers: It produces the hardcopy of output. The impact printers are old, noisy.
But, still dot-matrix printer is in usage.
Dot-Matrix Printer: The print head of the dot-matrix printer has either 9 or 24 pins. When the pins fire
against the ribbon, an impression is created on the paper. The speed is 300 cps and doesn’t produce high
quality output. It can produce multiple copies.
Daisy-wheel Printer: It employs a wheel with separate characters distributed along its outer edge. The wheels
can be changed to obtain different set of fonts.
Line Printer: For heavy printing, the line printer is used. It uses a print chain containing the characters.
Hammers strike the paper to print and it rotates at the speed of 1200 lpm. It is also noisy and is of low-quality.
Prof. Suvika K V, Dept. of CSE, CBIT, Kolar 2020-21
3
, CPPS – 18CPS13 Solutions
Non-Impact Printers: They are fast, quiet and of high resolution. The most commonly used non-
impact printers are laser and ink-jet printers. The thermal printer is not discussed here because it uses heat to
print on high-sensitive paper.
Laser Printer: It works like a photocopier and uses toner i.e. black magnetic powder. The image is created
in the form of dots and passed from drums on to the paper. It has built-in RAM which acts as buffer and RAM
to store fonts. The resolution varies from 300 dpi to 1200 dpi and the speed is about 20 ppm.
Ink-jet Printer: These are affordable printers. It sprays tiny drops of ink at high pressure as it moves along
the paper. The separate cartridges are available for different colors. The resolution is about 300 dpi, can print
1 to 6 pages/min.
Plotters: The plotter can make drawings. It uses one or more automated pens. The commands are
taken from special file called vector graphic files. Depending on type of plotter either paper or pen moves. It
can handle large paper sizes and it is used for creative drawings like buildings and machines. They are slow
and expensive.
6. What is software? Explain its types.
Software is a collection of code that drives a computer to perform related group of tasks. There are two types:
two types: System software and Application Software.
System Software Application Software
System software is used for operating computer Application software is used by user to perform
hardware. specific task.
System softwares are installed on the computer Application softwares are installed according to
when operating system is installed. user’s requirements.
In general, the user does not interact with system In general, the user interacts with application
software because it works in the background. softwares.
System software can run independently. It Application software can’t run independently.
provides platform for running application They can’t run without the presence of system
softwares. software.
Some examples of system softwares are Some examples of application softwares are word
compiler, assembler, debugger, driver, etc. processor, web browser, media player, etc.
7. What is a Computer? Explain the generations of computer.
Computer: Computer is an electronic device which accepts input, processes data, stores information and
produces output.
Generations of Computer: The computer of each generation is smaller, faster and more powerful than
preceding generation. There are five computer generations.
First Generation: The vacuum tubes were used for computation. Magnetic drums were used for
memory requirements. It consumed lot of space, power and generated lot of power. ENIAC (Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer) used 18000 vacuum tubes, 1800 acquired sq. ft. room space and
consumed 180KW of power. The machine level language (0s and 1s) was used. Punched cards were used for
input and Paper for output. They were used for scientific work.
Prof. Suvika K V, Dept. of CSE, CBIT, Kolar 2020-21
4
