Patho Exam 4 QUIZ Questions, Answers and
Elaborations (Verified by A professional) 202/2023
Global and focal brain injuries manifest differently. What is almost always a manifestation of a global
brain injury?
a. Altered level of consciousness
b. Change in behavior
c. Respiratory instability
d. Loss of eye movement reflexes -ANSWER- Correct response:
a. Altered level of consciousness
Explanation:
In contrast to focal injury, which causes focal neurologic deficits without altered consciousness, global
injury nearly always results in altered levels of consciousness ranging from inattention to stupor or coma.
The other answers are manifestations of different types of brain injury, not a global injury.
The most common cause of ischemic stroke is:
a. thrombosis.
b. arterial vasculitis.
c. vasospasms.
d. cryptogenesis. -ANSWER- Correct response:
a. thrombosis.
Explanation:
, Ischemic stroke includes those caused by large artery thrombosis (20%), small artery thrombosis (25%),
cardiogenic embolism (20%) and cryptogenic (undetermined cause)(30%), making thrombosis the most
common cause (45%).
The intracranial volume that is most capable of compensating for increasing intracranial pressure is the:
a. Brain cell tissue
b. Intravascular blood
c. Surface sulci fluid
d. Cerebrospinal fluid -ANSWER- Correct response:
d. Cerebrospinal fluid
Explanation:
Initial increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) are largely buffered by a translocation of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) to the spinal subarachnoid space and increased reabsorption of CSF. Of the intracranial volumes,
the tissue volume is least capable of undergoing change. Surface sulcus fluid is negligible and not a factor
in increased ICP. The compensatory ability of the intravascular blood compartment is also limited by the
small amount of blood that is in the cerebral circulation. As the volume-buffering capacity of this
compartment becomes exhausted, venous pressure increases and cerebral blood volume and ICP rise.
The nurse is explaining how vasogenic brain edema occurs to a client's family. The most appropriate
information for the nurse to provide would be:
a. The blood-brain barrier is disrupted, allowing fluid to escape into the extracellular fluid.
b. There is an increase in the production of cerebral spinal fluid volume.
c. Normal physiologic circumstances result in decreased adsorption of CSF.
d. There is a decrease in the amount of fluid volume in the brain. -ANSWER- Correct response:
a. The blood-brain barrier is disrupted, allowing fluid to escape into the extracellular fluid.
Explanation:
Elaborations (Verified by A professional) 202/2023
Global and focal brain injuries manifest differently. What is almost always a manifestation of a global
brain injury?
a. Altered level of consciousness
b. Change in behavior
c. Respiratory instability
d. Loss of eye movement reflexes -ANSWER- Correct response:
a. Altered level of consciousness
Explanation:
In contrast to focal injury, which causes focal neurologic deficits without altered consciousness, global
injury nearly always results in altered levels of consciousness ranging from inattention to stupor or coma.
The other answers are manifestations of different types of brain injury, not a global injury.
The most common cause of ischemic stroke is:
a. thrombosis.
b. arterial vasculitis.
c. vasospasms.
d. cryptogenesis. -ANSWER- Correct response:
a. thrombosis.
Explanation:
, Ischemic stroke includes those caused by large artery thrombosis (20%), small artery thrombosis (25%),
cardiogenic embolism (20%) and cryptogenic (undetermined cause)(30%), making thrombosis the most
common cause (45%).
The intracranial volume that is most capable of compensating for increasing intracranial pressure is the:
a. Brain cell tissue
b. Intravascular blood
c. Surface sulci fluid
d. Cerebrospinal fluid -ANSWER- Correct response:
d. Cerebrospinal fluid
Explanation:
Initial increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) are largely buffered by a translocation of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) to the spinal subarachnoid space and increased reabsorption of CSF. Of the intracranial volumes,
the tissue volume is least capable of undergoing change. Surface sulcus fluid is negligible and not a factor
in increased ICP. The compensatory ability of the intravascular blood compartment is also limited by the
small amount of blood that is in the cerebral circulation. As the volume-buffering capacity of this
compartment becomes exhausted, venous pressure increases and cerebral blood volume and ICP rise.
The nurse is explaining how vasogenic brain edema occurs to a client's family. The most appropriate
information for the nurse to provide would be:
a. The blood-brain barrier is disrupted, allowing fluid to escape into the extracellular fluid.
b. There is an increase in the production of cerebral spinal fluid volume.
c. Normal physiologic circumstances result in decreased adsorption of CSF.
d. There is a decrease in the amount of fluid volume in the brain. -ANSWER- Correct response:
a. The blood-brain barrier is disrupted, allowing fluid to escape into the extracellular fluid.
Explanation:
