February/March2020
2
Answer all questions.
1 From the study by Andrade (doodling):
(a) State the experimental design used in this study. Include a reason for your answer.
- independent measures design
- as different participants took part in each of the different levels of IV
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Outline the materials used by participants in the doodling condition.
- a pencil
- the shapes were squares and circles
- A4 paper
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Outline the result for ‘false alarms for places’ (incidental information) in the study.
- both the doodling & control condition had the same average recall (0.3)
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
2 From the case study by Saavedra and Silverman who gave therapy to a 9-year old boy after his
negative experience with buttons:
(a) Outline one psychological concept that was investigated in this study.
-phobias were investigated ; these are when ppl develop irrational fear of an object / situation
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2020 9990/12/F/M/20
, 3
(b) Outline one result from the posttreatment assessment session.
- the boy reported minimal distress about buttons ; he no longer met the DSM criteria for specific phobia
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
3 From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning):
(a) Outline one result of the test on Alex the parrot which used familiar objects.
- alex's score for all trials was better than his first-trial-only performanc.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Outline one methodological strength of this study.
procedure was standardised to aid reliability -> e.g. the choice of model-rival technique was clearly outlined
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Outline one ethical weakness of this study.
housing should take into acc the social behavior of species
...................................................................................................................................................
alex was housed alone which might be stressful as parrots are social
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2020 9990/12/F/M/20 [Turn over
, 4
4 (a) Describe the ‘learning task’ used in the study by Milgram (obedience).
it was a paired-learning task
...................................................................................................................................................
- participant read out a series of word pairs to the learner
the learner had to indicate their recognition of the words
- each incorrect answer received a shock
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(b) Outline how Milgram ensured that the participant was never the learner.
...................................................................................................................................................
the participant drew slips from a hat
both slips always had the word teacher on it
true participant was always the first to choose
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
5 Sai wants to replicate an experimental condition from the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) and
needs your help. You must produce clear instructions for Sai, from when a child in the experimental
condition arrives at the experimental room until the child observes a model assembling the tinker
toys.
Suggest instructions that Sai could use to replicate this part of the study.
- bring in each child individually to the experimental room
..........................................................................................................................................................
- take the child and showed the play area and also the area at the opposite corner where bobo boll was
- show child how to make potato prints n sticker pictures
- experimenter remained in the room so that child wouldnt leave early
..........................................................................................................................................................
- make sure the child sees the model's action
- tell the child that the toys in this corner is for model not for them to play with
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [5]
© UCLES 2020 9990/12/F/M/20
, 5
6 From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test):
(a) Identify two characteristics of the sample used in Group 1.
- adults, male, diagnosed with AS/HFA , average IQ 115
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Describe how the participants were recruited for Group 1.
- volunteer sampling
...................................................................................................................................................
- thru ads on Autistic society magazine
- all participants had been diagnosed w AS/HFA
- using established criteria
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) Outline one conclusion from this study.
- people w...................................................................................................................................................
autism have difficulties with theory of mind as they cannot see the perspective of other people
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2020 9990/12/F/M/20 [Turn over
2
Answer all questions.
1 From the study by Andrade (doodling):
(a) State the experimental design used in this study. Include a reason for your answer.
- independent measures design
- as different participants took part in each of the different levels of IV
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Outline the materials used by participants in the doodling condition.
- a pencil
- the shapes were squares and circles
- A4 paper
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Outline the result for ‘false alarms for places’ (incidental information) in the study.
- both the doodling & control condition had the same average recall (0.3)
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
2 From the case study by Saavedra and Silverman who gave therapy to a 9-year old boy after his
negative experience with buttons:
(a) Outline one psychological concept that was investigated in this study.
-phobias were investigated ; these are when ppl develop irrational fear of an object / situation
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2020 9990/12/F/M/20
, 3
(b) Outline one result from the posttreatment assessment session.
- the boy reported minimal distress about buttons ; he no longer met the DSM criteria for specific phobia
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
3 From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning):
(a) Outline one result of the test on Alex the parrot which used familiar objects.
- alex's score for all trials was better than his first-trial-only performanc.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Outline one methodological strength of this study.
procedure was standardised to aid reliability -> e.g. the choice of model-rival technique was clearly outlined
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Outline one ethical weakness of this study.
housing should take into acc the social behavior of species
...................................................................................................................................................
alex was housed alone which might be stressful as parrots are social
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2020 9990/12/F/M/20 [Turn over
, 4
4 (a) Describe the ‘learning task’ used in the study by Milgram (obedience).
it was a paired-learning task
...................................................................................................................................................
- participant read out a series of word pairs to the learner
the learner had to indicate their recognition of the words
- each incorrect answer received a shock
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(b) Outline how Milgram ensured that the participant was never the learner.
...................................................................................................................................................
the participant drew slips from a hat
both slips always had the word teacher on it
true participant was always the first to choose
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
5 Sai wants to replicate an experimental condition from the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) and
needs your help. You must produce clear instructions for Sai, from when a child in the experimental
condition arrives at the experimental room until the child observes a model assembling the tinker
toys.
Suggest instructions that Sai could use to replicate this part of the study.
- bring in each child individually to the experimental room
..........................................................................................................................................................
- take the child and showed the play area and also the area at the opposite corner where bobo boll was
- show child how to make potato prints n sticker pictures
- experimenter remained in the room so that child wouldnt leave early
..........................................................................................................................................................
- make sure the child sees the model's action
- tell the child that the toys in this corner is for model not for them to play with
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [5]
© UCLES 2020 9990/12/F/M/20
, 5
6 From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test):
(a) Identify two characteristics of the sample used in Group 1.
- adults, male, diagnosed with AS/HFA , average IQ 115
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Describe how the participants were recruited for Group 1.
- volunteer sampling
...................................................................................................................................................
- thru ads on Autistic society magazine
- all participants had been diagnosed w AS/HFA
- using established criteria
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) Outline one conclusion from this study.
- people w...................................................................................................................................................
autism have difficulties with theory of mind as they cannot see the perspective of other people
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2020 9990/12/F/M/20 [Turn over
