February/March 2019 2
Answer all questions.
1 From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping):
(a) Name one of the tools a chimpanzee needed to be given to complete a task.
straw
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The chimpanzees’ helping behaviour was measured by which tool was offered.
Outline how an ‘offer’ of a tool was operationalised in the study.
...................................................................................................................................................
when a chimp held out a tool towards the recipient
...................................................................................................................................................
only the first offer counted
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
2 From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans):
(a) Outline what the model was supposed to do in the ‘Adjacent area – early’ condition.
...................................................................................................................................................
model stood in the mid of adjacent area
...................................................................................................................................................
waited for approx 70sec
- thenbegan to help
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Four victims were used.
(i) Identify two similarities between the victims.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
males
...........................................................................................................................................
no tie
2 ........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Identify one difference between the victims.
...........................................................................................................................................
different races
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2019 9990/12/F/M/19
, 3
3 From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia):
(a) Describe the Disgust/Fear Hierarchy.
...................................................................................................................................................
he was asked to rate different scenarios that included buttons
...................................................................................................................................................
each was rated on distress scale 0-8
0- lowest 8 highest
subjective rating used a feeling thermometer
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Identify one weakness of the Disgust/Fear Hierarchy.
...................................................................................................................................................
subjective
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
4 The original ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test had two problems. It used 25 pairs of eyes and
two response options for each pair.
(a) State how the study by Baron-Cohen et al. resolved each of these problems with their revised
‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test.
36 now
Problem: 25 pairs of eyes ..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
4 now
Problem: two response options .................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Explain one real world application of the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test.
...................................................................................................................................................
can used to help diagnose autism , if they scores low on the test, it may indicate they lack ot ToM
...................................................................................................................................................
so can receive help
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2019 9990/12/F/M/19 [Turn over
, 4
5 Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) collected quantitative and qualitative data.
(a) Outline one quantitative result from the ‘dream-duration estimates’. You must use data in
your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
participants were more accurate at estimating 5 mins compared to 15 mins
on 88% of trials the particiapnts estimated 5 m correctly while 15 is 78
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Outline one qualitative result from the dream content reports.
...................................................................................................................................................
one p reported climbing up a ladder n loooking up n down as he climbed
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
6 (a) Describe two assumptions of the biological approach.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
behavior can be explained via the brain, e.g. hippocampus involved in memory
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
behavior can be explained via the brain n hormones
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) Explain how one finding from the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions) supports
one of the assumptions of the biological approach that you have described in part (a).
...................................................................................................................................................
left amygdala activation was related to the scene being classed as remembers
...................................................................................................................................................
- therefore the emotional intensity felt about a scene it was rmbed was explained via amygdala activation
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2019 9990/12/F/M/19
, 5
7 From the study by Milgram (obedience):
(a) State the first prod the experimenter used when a participant refused to continue.
please continue
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Describe what the experimenter said if a participant asked whether the learner was suffering
permanent injury.
...................................................................................................................................................
although shocks may be painful
...................................................................................................................................................
there is no permanent damange
so please go on
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) Explain why Milgram ensured the participant met the learner at the end of the study.
...................................................................................................................................................
to make the study ethical
...................................................................................................................................................
so they would leave in a state of well being
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2019 9990/12/F/M/19 [Turn over
Answer all questions.
1 From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping):
(a) Name one of the tools a chimpanzee needed to be given to complete a task.
straw
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The chimpanzees’ helping behaviour was measured by which tool was offered.
Outline how an ‘offer’ of a tool was operationalised in the study.
...................................................................................................................................................
when a chimp held out a tool towards the recipient
...................................................................................................................................................
only the first offer counted
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
2 From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans):
(a) Outline what the model was supposed to do in the ‘Adjacent area – early’ condition.
...................................................................................................................................................
model stood in the mid of adjacent area
...................................................................................................................................................
waited for approx 70sec
- thenbegan to help
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Four victims were used.
(i) Identify two similarities between the victims.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
males
...........................................................................................................................................
no tie
2 ........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Identify one difference between the victims.
...........................................................................................................................................
different races
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2019 9990/12/F/M/19
, 3
3 From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia):
(a) Describe the Disgust/Fear Hierarchy.
...................................................................................................................................................
he was asked to rate different scenarios that included buttons
...................................................................................................................................................
each was rated on distress scale 0-8
0- lowest 8 highest
subjective rating used a feeling thermometer
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Identify one weakness of the Disgust/Fear Hierarchy.
...................................................................................................................................................
subjective
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
4 The original ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test had two problems. It used 25 pairs of eyes and
two response options for each pair.
(a) State how the study by Baron-Cohen et al. resolved each of these problems with their revised
‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test.
36 now
Problem: 25 pairs of eyes ..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
4 now
Problem: two response options .................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Explain one real world application of the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test.
...................................................................................................................................................
can used to help diagnose autism , if they scores low on the test, it may indicate they lack ot ToM
...................................................................................................................................................
so can receive help
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2019 9990/12/F/M/19 [Turn over
, 4
5 Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) collected quantitative and qualitative data.
(a) Outline one quantitative result from the ‘dream-duration estimates’. You must use data in
your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
participants were more accurate at estimating 5 mins compared to 15 mins
on 88% of trials the particiapnts estimated 5 m correctly while 15 is 78
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Outline one qualitative result from the dream content reports.
...................................................................................................................................................
one p reported climbing up a ladder n loooking up n down as he climbed
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
6 (a) Describe two assumptions of the biological approach.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
behavior can be explained via the brain, e.g. hippocampus involved in memory
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
behavior can be explained via the brain n hormones
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) Explain how one finding from the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions) supports
one of the assumptions of the biological approach that you have described in part (a).
...................................................................................................................................................
left amygdala activation was related to the scene being classed as remembers
...................................................................................................................................................
- therefore the emotional intensity felt about a scene it was rmbed was explained via amygdala activation
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2019 9990/12/F/M/19
, 5
7 From the study by Milgram (obedience):
(a) State the first prod the experimenter used when a participant refused to continue.
please continue
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Describe what the experimenter said if a participant asked whether the learner was suffering
permanent injury.
...................................................................................................................................................
although shocks may be painful
...................................................................................................................................................
there is no permanent damange
so please go on
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) Explain why Milgram ensured the participant met the learner at the end of the study.
...................................................................................................................................................
to make the study ethical
...................................................................................................................................................
so they would leave in a state of well being
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2019 9990/12/F/M/19 [Turn over
