Florida Civic Literacy (FCLE) Exam 2023/2024

Florida Civic Literacy (FCLE) Exam This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review - Answer Marbury v. Madison Separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of jim crow laws▪argued in court that the Act violated the 13th and 14th Amendments - Answer Plessy v. Ferguson (1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy, violated the guarantee of personal liberty and the right to privacy implicitly guaranteed in the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and 14th Amendments - Answer Roe v. Wade Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court)▪Violation of the 4th amendment - Answer Mapp v. Ohio The case that ruled that slaves were property and could not sue▪Violated the 5th amendment, helped bring on the civil war - Answer Dred Scott v. Sanford School newspapers can be censored by teachers and administrators. The journalism students felt that this censorship was a direct violation of their First Amendment rights. The Supreme Court decided that Principal Reynolds had the right to such editorial decisions, as he had "legitimate pedagogical concerns." - Answer Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier 1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education.▪Her family believed that the segregated school system violated the 14th Amendment and took their case to court. - Answer Brown v. Board of Education Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law - Answer McCulloch v. Maryland A 1989 case in which the Supreme Court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment. - Answer Texas v. Johnson U.S. Supreme Court case that limited executive privilege - Answer United States v. Nixon a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In the case, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that state courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys. - Answer Gideon v. Wainwright Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government - Answer Gibbons v. Ogden Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police. Violated the 5th amendment and his 6th, right to an attorney. Case topic: selfincrimination, due process - Answer Miranda v. Arizona Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive, protected but he 1st amendment - Answer Tinker v. Des Moines 1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 2 each survivor▪Korematsu argued that Executive Order 9066 was unconstitutional and that it violated the Fifth Amendment. The Fifth Amendmentwas selected over the Fourteenth Amendment due to the lack of federal protections in the Fourteenth Amendment. He was arrested and convicted. - Answer Korematsu v. US What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens? - Answer Serve on a jury and vote in a federal election. What is the "rule of law"? - Answer Everyone must follow the law. Name one right only for United States citizens. - Answer run for federal office. Who is in charge of the executive branch? - Answer President of the United States Who makes federal laws? - Answer Congress What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen? - Answer give up loyalty to other countries. Name the U.S. war between the North and the South - Answer The Civil War What are two Cabinet-level positions? - Answer Secretary of State and Secretary of Labor What is the supreme law of the land? - Answer the Constitution Who was President during World War I? - Answer Woodrow Wilson Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s - Answer World War I What did Susan B. Anthony do? - Answer fought for women's rights What is an amendment? - Answer A change/addition to the Constitution Why do some states have more Representatives than other states? - Answer because of the state's population When was the Constitution written? - Answer 1787 What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment? - Answer speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition the government What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? - Answer checks and balances The House of Representatives has how many voting members? - Answer four hundred and thirty five If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President? - Answer The speaker of the House Who is the Commander in Chief of the military? - Answer President of the United States Who signs bills to become laws? - Answer President of the United States Who vetoes bills? - Answer President of the United States What does the President's Cabinet do? - Answer advises the President What does the judicial branch do? - Answer reviews laws, explains laws, resolves disputes (disagreements) decides if a law goes against the Constitution How many justices are on the Supreme Court? - Answer nine Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government? - Answer To print money, To declare war, To create an army, To make treaties What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens? - Answer Serve on a jury, vote in a federal election Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived? - Answer American Indians Native Americans What movement tried to end racial discrimination? - Answer civil rights movement Why did the colonists fight the British? - Answer because of high taxes (taxation without representation) because the British army stayed in their houses (boarding, quartering) because they didn't have self-government 3/5 Compromise - Answer compromise made when writing the Constitution to sastify both free and slave states; said for every 5 slaves, 3 would count in a state's population for both representation and tax purposes Who is the "Father of Our Country"? - Answer George Washington What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803? - Answer Louisiana What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? - Answer freed the slaves freed slaves in the Confederacy freed slaves in the Confederate states freed slaves in most Southern states Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II? - Answer Franklin Roosevelt Who did the United States fight in World War II? - Answer Japan, Germany, and Italy Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in? - Answer World War II During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United States? - Answer Communism Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States. - Answer Mississippi and Missouri What ocean is on the East Coast of the United States? - Answer Atlantic Ocean Which government officials are elected by the people? - Answer Mayor wrong answer Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the First Amendment? - Answer Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) 2nd Amendment - Answer Right to bear arms 3rd Amendment - Answer No quartering of soldiers 4th Amendment - Answer Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures 5th Amendment - Answer The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process 6th Amendment - Answer Right to a speedy trial 7th Amendment - Answer Right to jury in civil trials. 8th Amendment - Answer No cruel or unusual punishment 9th Amendment - Answer Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution 10th Amendment - Answer Powers Reserved to the States 11th Amendment - Answer One State cannot be sued by another state 12th Amendment - Answer separation of votes for President and Vice President 13th Amendment - Answer Abolition of slavery 14th Amendment - Answer Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws 15th Amendment - Answer Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude 16th Amendment - Answer Power of Congress to tax income 17th Amendment - Answer Direct election of senators 18th Amendment - Answer Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages 19th Amendment - Answer Gave women the right to vote 20th Amendment - Answer Congress begins on January 30th; President starts on January 20th "Lame-duck" Amendment 21st Amendment - Answer Repeal of Prohibition 22nd Amendment - Answer Limits the president to two terms. 23rd Amendment - Answer Gives Washington DC electoral college votes as if it were a state (DC still has no representation in Congress) 24th Amendment - Answer Abolishes poll taxes 25th Amendment - Answer Presidential succession 26th Amendment - Answer Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 27th Amendment - Answer congressional pay raises are not begun until the next election What is the social contract? - Answer The people give up some liberty to receive governmental protection. The colonists used a political cartoon with the caption "Join or Die" to support which action? - Answer Forming their own government Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Equal Protection Clause? - Answer Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Which action is an example of petitioning the government? - Answer lobbying officials How did District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) impact states' rights? - Answer It reduced the ability of states to place restrictions on Second Amendment rights. What is an example of federalism? - Answer the principle that the national and state governments share power What is an example of a democratic process? - Answer The people elect a Governor Based on the U.S. Constitution, which part of government was intended to hold the least power? - Answer the judiciary How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) impact criminal defendants? - Answer It established that defendants had the right to counsel. How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966) impact criminal defendants? - Answer It established that defendants were protected against self-incrimination. Which is a core theme of the Federalist Papers? - Answer The proposed Constitution should be ratified What is popular sovereignty? - Answer Rule by the people Which of the following documents provided an outline for a state-centered government? - Answer Articles of Confederation Which document was adopted by the newly independent United States to organize the national government after declaring independence? - Answer Articles of confederation Which right did the colonists consider "inalienable" in the Declaration of Independence? - Answer Pursuit of Happiness What is the minimum number of members of the U.S. House of Representatives representing each state? - Answer one Which part of government was created to reflect the colonists' position that governments derive their powers from the consent of the governed? - Answer the legislature Which statement from the English Bill of Rights is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's Eighth Amendment? - Answer "That excessive bail ought not to be required . . .nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted;" What did the Declaration of Independence do? Declared independence from Great Britain. - Answer Declared independence from Great Britain. Which scenario represents a violation of the Equal Protection Clause? - Answer A state law establishes a higher minimum wage for men than for women. What is an example of a power reserved to the states? - Answer creating school systems What is an example of judicial review? - Answer The power of the Supreme Court to find laws unconstitutional.