Youth Competition Times
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
CAPSULE
Useful for All Competitive AE/JE Exam :
UPPSC AE UKPSC AE BPSC AE CGPSC AE MPPSC AE RPSC AE UPSSSC
SSC JE DMRC JE LMRC JE JMRC JE BMRC JE DSSSB JE UP Jal Nigam
UKSSSC JE RSMSSB JE MPPEB SUB ENGINEER HPSSC JE HSSC JE
Punjab JE CGPEB SUB ENGINEER BSSC JE DRDO JE ISRO JE
UPPCL AE/JE UPRVUNL AE/JE JVUNL JE SAIL JE
GAIL JE BHEL JE NTPC JE DFCCIL
COAL INDIA LTD. JE RRB JE etc.
Chief Editor
Mr. Anand Mahajan
Compiled & Written by
Er. Anil Kumar, Er. Rakesh Patel
Computer Graphics by
Balkrishna, Charan Singh
Editorial Office
Youth Competition Times
12, Church Lane Prayagraj-211002
Mob. : 9415650134
Email :
website : www.yctbooks.com
Publisher Declaration
Edited and Published by A.K. Mahajan for YCT Publications Pvt. Ltd.
and printed by Roop Printing Press, Prayagraj. In order to publish the book,
full care has been taken by the editor and the publisher,
still your suggestions and queries are welcomed. Rs. : 195/-
In the event of any dispute, the Judicial area will be Prayagraj.
, INDEX
Network Theory ......................................................................................... 3-13
Electromagnetic Field Theory................................................................. 14-21
Electrical Materials .................................................................................. 22-30
Electrical Instruments and Measurements ........................................... 31-47
Power Plant ............................................................................................... 48-63
Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Power ............................. 64-71
Electrical Switchgear and Protection ..................................................... 72-83
Earthing and Wiring ................................................................................ 84-91
Utilization of Electrical Energy ............................................................ 92-106
Electrical Machine–I ............................................................................ 107-116
Electrical Machine–II .......................................................................... 117-126
Power Electronics & Drives ................................................................ 127-135
Control System ..................................................................................... 136-141
Signal and System .............................................................................. 142-148
Engineering Mathematics.................................................................... 149-153
Basic Electronics Engineering............................................................. 154-161
Analog Electronics ............................................................................... 162-171
Communication Engineering .............................................................. 172-179
Digital Electronics ................................................................................ 180-188
Microprocessor & 8051 Microcontroller ........................................... 189-193
PLC, SCADA and Automation ......................................................... 194-199
Computer Fundamental and Application of Computer Software .. 200-203
IMED, IMRE and Energy Conservation .......................................... 204-208
Electrical Engineering Capsule 2 YCT
, NETWORK THEORY
Unit and Dimension • Conversion of Resistance–
Quantities Unit Dimension
Resistance Ohm ML2 T −3 A −2
Resistivity Ohm-meter ML3T −3A −2
Conductivity mho/m or [M–1L–3T3A2]
Siemens/m
Delta to star Star to Delta
Voltage Volt [ML2T–3A–1]
Current Ampere [A] R AB × R CA RARB
RA = R AB = R A + R B +
Electric Power Watt [ML2 T–3] R AB + R BC + R CA RC
Electric Energy kWh [ML2T–2] R AB × R BC R BR C
RB = R BC = R B + R C +
Permittivity Farad/meter [M–1L–3T4A2] R AB + R BC + R CA RA
Electric field V/m or N/C [MLT3A–1] R BC × R CA R CR A
intensity RC = R CA = R C + R A +
R AB + R BC + R CA RB
Electric flux C/m2 [MLT–3A–1]
density • Resistance Vs Temperature R t = R o (1 + α∆T )
–1 –2 4 2
Capacitance Farad [M L T A ]
• AC Resistance R AC = 1.6R DC
Inductance Henry [ML2T–2A–2]
Permeability Henry/meter [MLT–2A–2] • Resistivity of materials-
Magnetic Flux Tesla or [ML–1T–2A–1] ρ=
1
Ω-m
density Weber/m2 σ(conductivity)
Magnetic field A/m or Oersted [MT–2 A–1] • Cable insulation Resistance-
intensity or N/Wb
ρ r 2.303 ρ r
mmf AT or Gilbert [A] R= log e 2 = log10 2
2πℓ r1 2πℓ r1
Reluctance AT/Wb or per [M–1L–2T2A2]
Henry • Colour coding of Resistance
Permeance Wb/AT [ML2T–2A–2] Colour Value Multiplier Tolerance
Luminous flux lumen [ML2T–3] Black 0 1 –
Illumination Lux or lumen/ m2 [MT–3] Brown 1 10 ± 1%
Red 2 102 ± 2%
Resistor
Orange 3 103 ± 3%
ρℓ 104
Resistance (R) = Yellow 4 ± 4%
A Green 5 105 ± 0.5%
If wire is stretch n times then- R ′ = n 2 R Blue 6 106 ± 0.25%
Violet 7 107 ± 0.10%
R
If wire is compressed n times then- R ′ = Grey 8 108 ± 0.05 %
n2
White 9 109 –
V Gold – 10–1 ± 5%
Ohm's law for resistor- R =
I Silver – 10–2 ± 10%
• Series combination of resistor (None) – ± 20%
R eq = R1 + R 2 + R 3 + ...... + R n • Formula for 4 Band resistor
R = AB × 10C ± Tolerance
• Parallel combination of resistor- Where A → Ist significant digit
1 1 1 1 1 B → 2nd Significant digit
= + + + ........ +
R eq R 1 R 2 R 3 Rn 10C → multiplier
Electrical Engineering Capsule 3 YCT
, • Metal and melting point (in 0C) f. Capacitance of variable capacitor-
Metal Melting Metal Melting C=
( n − 1) εo ε r A
Farad
point (in point (in d
ºC) ºC) Where n = no. of plates
Copper 1084 Chromium 1850 • Series combination of capacitors
Magnesium 650 Molybdenum 2622 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc 419.5 Tungsten 3390 = + + + ........ +
Ceq C1 C 2 C3 Cn
Aluminium 658.6 Iron 1538
Tin 231.8 Cobalt 1490 • Parallel combination of capacitors
Lead 327.4 Nickel 1452 Ceq = C1 + C 2 + C3 + ....... + C n
Silver 961 Carbon 3550 • Conversion of capacitors–
• Behaviour of resistor
Resistor is a linear, bilateral and passive element.
• Material and dielectric constant
Material Dielectric Material Dielectric
Constant Constant
Vacuum 1 Paper 3.6
Glass 5-12 Polystyrene 2.6
Mica 4-8 Air (100 1.0548 Delta to star Star to Delta
atm)
C C CA CB
Germanium 16 Porcelain 5-6.2 C A = C AB + C CA + AB CA C AB =
Water 80.6 Rubber 2.5 C BC C A + C B + CC
Air (1 atm) 1.00059 C AB C BC C B CC
Capacitor C B = C AB + C BC + C BC =
CCA C A + C B + CC
εo εr A
a. Capacitance of Capacitor C = Farad C C CC C A
d CC = C BC + C CA + BC CA CCA =
C AB C A + C B + CC
b. Capacitance of different Dielectric having different
thickness and relative permittivities – • Charging and Discharging of capacitor
Charging Discharging Time
εo A
C= Farad constant
t1 t 2 t 3 for
+ +
ε r1 ε r2 ε r3 capacitor
Current equation Current equation τ = R th Ceq
c. When some part of parallel plate capacitor have air
medium and some part have another medium then IC ( t ) = I0 e IC ( t ) = − I0e − t / τ
−t / τ
εo A Voltage equation Voltage equation
capacitance- C = Farad VC ( t ) = V0 (1 − e − t / τ ) VC ( t ) = V0 e − t / τ
t
d − t −
εr
Charge equation Charge equation
q c ( t ) = Q0 (1 − e )
−t / τ
q c( t ) = Q 0 e − t / τ
d. When some part of parallel plate capacitor have air
medium in horizontal direction and some part have • Transient equation for capacitor–
Vc ( t ) = Vc ( ∞ ) + Vc ( 0+ ) − Vc ( ∞ ) e− t / τ t > 0
another medium then capacitance-
ε A 1 + ε r 1 + ε r
C= o = Cair Farad
d 2 2 • Concept of short circuit and open circuit of
e. Capacitance of cylindrical capacitor- capacitor with respect to time-
t
Vc ( t ) = ∫ i c ( t ) dt + V ( 0− )
CdV 1
2πε o ε r ℓ ic = ;
C= Farad dt C0
log e b / a
• Behaviour of capacitor with initial condition-
2πε o ε r ℓ at t = 0 → act as a voltage source
C= Farad
2.303log10 b / a at t = ∞ → act as open circuit
• Behaviour of capacitor without initial condition–
at t = 0 → act as short circuit
at t = ∞ → act as open circuit
Electrical Engineering Capsule 4 YCT
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
CAPSULE
Useful for All Competitive AE/JE Exam :
UPPSC AE UKPSC AE BPSC AE CGPSC AE MPPSC AE RPSC AE UPSSSC
SSC JE DMRC JE LMRC JE JMRC JE BMRC JE DSSSB JE UP Jal Nigam
UKSSSC JE RSMSSB JE MPPEB SUB ENGINEER HPSSC JE HSSC JE
Punjab JE CGPEB SUB ENGINEER BSSC JE DRDO JE ISRO JE
UPPCL AE/JE UPRVUNL AE/JE JVUNL JE SAIL JE
GAIL JE BHEL JE NTPC JE DFCCIL
COAL INDIA LTD. JE RRB JE etc.
Chief Editor
Mr. Anand Mahajan
Compiled & Written by
Er. Anil Kumar, Er. Rakesh Patel
Computer Graphics by
Balkrishna, Charan Singh
Editorial Office
Youth Competition Times
12, Church Lane Prayagraj-211002
Mob. : 9415650134
Email :
website : www.yctbooks.com
Publisher Declaration
Edited and Published by A.K. Mahajan for YCT Publications Pvt. Ltd.
and printed by Roop Printing Press, Prayagraj. In order to publish the book,
full care has been taken by the editor and the publisher,
still your suggestions and queries are welcomed. Rs. : 195/-
In the event of any dispute, the Judicial area will be Prayagraj.
, INDEX
Network Theory ......................................................................................... 3-13
Electromagnetic Field Theory................................................................. 14-21
Electrical Materials .................................................................................. 22-30
Electrical Instruments and Measurements ........................................... 31-47
Power Plant ............................................................................................... 48-63
Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Power ............................. 64-71
Electrical Switchgear and Protection ..................................................... 72-83
Earthing and Wiring ................................................................................ 84-91
Utilization of Electrical Energy ............................................................ 92-106
Electrical Machine–I ............................................................................ 107-116
Electrical Machine–II .......................................................................... 117-126
Power Electronics & Drives ................................................................ 127-135
Control System ..................................................................................... 136-141
Signal and System .............................................................................. 142-148
Engineering Mathematics.................................................................... 149-153
Basic Electronics Engineering............................................................. 154-161
Analog Electronics ............................................................................... 162-171
Communication Engineering .............................................................. 172-179
Digital Electronics ................................................................................ 180-188
Microprocessor & 8051 Microcontroller ........................................... 189-193
PLC, SCADA and Automation ......................................................... 194-199
Computer Fundamental and Application of Computer Software .. 200-203
IMED, IMRE and Energy Conservation .......................................... 204-208
Electrical Engineering Capsule 2 YCT
, NETWORK THEORY
Unit and Dimension • Conversion of Resistance–
Quantities Unit Dimension
Resistance Ohm ML2 T −3 A −2
Resistivity Ohm-meter ML3T −3A −2
Conductivity mho/m or [M–1L–3T3A2]
Siemens/m
Delta to star Star to Delta
Voltage Volt [ML2T–3A–1]
Current Ampere [A] R AB × R CA RARB
RA = R AB = R A + R B +
Electric Power Watt [ML2 T–3] R AB + R BC + R CA RC
Electric Energy kWh [ML2T–2] R AB × R BC R BR C
RB = R BC = R B + R C +
Permittivity Farad/meter [M–1L–3T4A2] R AB + R BC + R CA RA
Electric field V/m or N/C [MLT3A–1] R BC × R CA R CR A
intensity RC = R CA = R C + R A +
R AB + R BC + R CA RB
Electric flux C/m2 [MLT–3A–1]
density • Resistance Vs Temperature R t = R o (1 + α∆T )
–1 –2 4 2
Capacitance Farad [M L T A ]
• AC Resistance R AC = 1.6R DC
Inductance Henry [ML2T–2A–2]
Permeability Henry/meter [MLT–2A–2] • Resistivity of materials-
Magnetic Flux Tesla or [ML–1T–2A–1] ρ=
1
Ω-m
density Weber/m2 σ(conductivity)
Magnetic field A/m or Oersted [MT–2 A–1] • Cable insulation Resistance-
intensity or N/Wb
ρ r 2.303 ρ r
mmf AT or Gilbert [A] R= log e 2 = log10 2
2πℓ r1 2πℓ r1
Reluctance AT/Wb or per [M–1L–2T2A2]
Henry • Colour coding of Resistance
Permeance Wb/AT [ML2T–2A–2] Colour Value Multiplier Tolerance
Luminous flux lumen [ML2T–3] Black 0 1 –
Illumination Lux or lumen/ m2 [MT–3] Brown 1 10 ± 1%
Red 2 102 ± 2%
Resistor
Orange 3 103 ± 3%
ρℓ 104
Resistance (R) = Yellow 4 ± 4%
A Green 5 105 ± 0.5%
If wire is stretch n times then- R ′ = n 2 R Blue 6 106 ± 0.25%
Violet 7 107 ± 0.10%
R
If wire is compressed n times then- R ′ = Grey 8 108 ± 0.05 %
n2
White 9 109 –
V Gold – 10–1 ± 5%
Ohm's law for resistor- R =
I Silver – 10–2 ± 10%
• Series combination of resistor (None) – ± 20%
R eq = R1 + R 2 + R 3 + ...... + R n • Formula for 4 Band resistor
R = AB × 10C ± Tolerance
• Parallel combination of resistor- Where A → Ist significant digit
1 1 1 1 1 B → 2nd Significant digit
= + + + ........ +
R eq R 1 R 2 R 3 Rn 10C → multiplier
Electrical Engineering Capsule 3 YCT
, • Metal and melting point (in 0C) f. Capacitance of variable capacitor-
Metal Melting Metal Melting C=
( n − 1) εo ε r A
Farad
point (in point (in d
ºC) ºC) Where n = no. of plates
Copper 1084 Chromium 1850 • Series combination of capacitors
Magnesium 650 Molybdenum 2622 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc 419.5 Tungsten 3390 = + + + ........ +
Ceq C1 C 2 C3 Cn
Aluminium 658.6 Iron 1538
Tin 231.8 Cobalt 1490 • Parallel combination of capacitors
Lead 327.4 Nickel 1452 Ceq = C1 + C 2 + C3 + ....... + C n
Silver 961 Carbon 3550 • Conversion of capacitors–
• Behaviour of resistor
Resistor is a linear, bilateral and passive element.
• Material and dielectric constant
Material Dielectric Material Dielectric
Constant Constant
Vacuum 1 Paper 3.6
Glass 5-12 Polystyrene 2.6
Mica 4-8 Air (100 1.0548 Delta to star Star to Delta
atm)
C C CA CB
Germanium 16 Porcelain 5-6.2 C A = C AB + C CA + AB CA C AB =
Water 80.6 Rubber 2.5 C BC C A + C B + CC
Air (1 atm) 1.00059 C AB C BC C B CC
Capacitor C B = C AB + C BC + C BC =
CCA C A + C B + CC
εo εr A
a. Capacitance of Capacitor C = Farad C C CC C A
d CC = C BC + C CA + BC CA CCA =
C AB C A + C B + CC
b. Capacitance of different Dielectric having different
thickness and relative permittivities – • Charging and Discharging of capacitor
Charging Discharging Time
εo A
C= Farad constant
t1 t 2 t 3 for
+ +
ε r1 ε r2 ε r3 capacitor
Current equation Current equation τ = R th Ceq
c. When some part of parallel plate capacitor have air
medium and some part have another medium then IC ( t ) = I0 e IC ( t ) = − I0e − t / τ
−t / τ
εo A Voltage equation Voltage equation
capacitance- C = Farad VC ( t ) = V0 (1 − e − t / τ ) VC ( t ) = V0 e − t / τ
t
d − t −
εr
Charge equation Charge equation
q c ( t ) = Q0 (1 − e )
−t / τ
q c( t ) = Q 0 e − t / τ
d. When some part of parallel plate capacitor have air
medium in horizontal direction and some part have • Transient equation for capacitor–
Vc ( t ) = Vc ( ∞ ) + Vc ( 0+ ) − Vc ( ∞ ) e− t / τ t > 0
another medium then capacitance-
ε A 1 + ε r 1 + ε r
C= o = Cair Farad
d 2 2 • Concept of short circuit and open circuit of
e. Capacitance of cylindrical capacitor- capacitor with respect to time-
t
Vc ( t ) = ∫ i c ( t ) dt + V ( 0− )
CdV 1
2πε o ε r ℓ ic = ;
C= Farad dt C0
log e b / a
• Behaviour of capacitor with initial condition-
2πε o ε r ℓ at t = 0 → act as a voltage source
C= Farad
2.303log10 b / a at t = ∞ → act as open circuit
• Behaviour of capacitor without initial condition–
at t = 0 → act as short circuit
at t = ∞ → act as open circuit
Electrical Engineering Capsule 4 YCT
