Openstax-Microbiology Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism Exam Questions And Well Verified Answers

Openstax-Microbiology Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism Exam Questions And Well Verified Answers metabolism - ANS the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials exergonic reaction - ANS A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy. endergonic reaction - ANS A non-spontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings. anabolism - ANS Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy. catabolism - ANS Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. autotrophs - ANS Organisms that make their own food heterotrophs - ANS An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products. phototrophs - ANS obtain energy from light chemotrophs - ANS obtain energy from chemicals organotrophs - ANS obtain electrons from organic compounds lithotrophs - ANS use inorganic molecules as a source of electrons oxidation reaction - ANS a chemical reaction in which a reactant loses one or more electrons such that the reactant becomes more positive in charge reduction reactions - ANS reactions in which a molecule acquires electrons and gains energy redox reaction - ANS A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction. electron carriers - ANS proteins arranged in chains on the membrane to allow the transfer of electrons from one carrier to another. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) - ANS An energy carrier that accepts electrons and feeds them into the electron transport chain nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate - ANS NADP+ to NADPH flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) - ANS An energy carrier that accepts electrons and feeds them into the electron transport chain Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - ANS one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy adenosine monophosphate (AMP) - ANS a low-energy compound that results from the removal of two phosphate groups from ATP Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) - ANS A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which adenosine tripho