M
MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY
C3
MIDTERMS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS
INFECTION CONTROL - The goals of asepsis are to protect the patient
- one of the major concerns that healthcare from hospital-acquired or nosocomial infections
workers in healthcare facilities and hospitals and to prevent the spread of pathogenic
constantly address. microorganisms.
Chain of Infection Factors that play role in the occurrence of
- how an individual acquires the infectious agents infection among patient
and includes the infectious agent, the source of 1. Suppression of the immune system
infection or its reservoir, how the organism is 2. Prolonged duration of illness
transmitted, and the organism's portal of entry 3. Procedures that patient undergo in HC facility
into the susceptible host. (in-dwelling catheters)
Mode of Transmission
- the manner in which the infectious organism is Most commonly occurring pathogenic
acquired by the host microorganisms that lead to nosocomial
Standard Precautions infections
- the specific used to prevent the spread of Escherichia coli,
microorganism among all patients and Staphylococcus arews,
healthcare workers Pendomonas aeruginosa,
Contamination Candida albicans,
- denotes contact of a sterile or aseptic item with Enterococcus.
microorganisms.
- Medically aseptic items become contaminated if Categories of Asepsis
they get in contact with disease-producing Medical or Clean Asepsis
organisms. Sterile items become - refers to the absence of disease-producing
contaminated if they get in contact microorganisms
Decontamination - infection control process that aims to reduce the
- the process where physical or chemical means spread of infection
are used to remove, inactivate, or destroy - involves certain procedures aimed to decrease
pathogens on a surface or item making them the number of organisms and prevent their
safe for handling or use and incapable of spread in the general clinical setting.
transmitting infectious agents. - Where is Clean Asepsis applied:
Disinfection o Proper hand hygiene,
- the process of using physical or chemical means o administration of all medications except
to destroy pathogens, excluding the spores. those that are given intravenously,
Sterilization o preparation of the patient's skin before
- the process by which all pathogens are administration of subcutaneous
destroyed, including the spores.
o Physical method Surgical or Sterile Asepsis
o Chemical method - the absence of all microorganisms.
Antiseptic - involves procedures that aim to eliminate
- chemical solution that inhibits the growth of microorganisms from an area in the body where
some microorganisms. surgical procedures will be performed as well as
- Most antiseptics can be used directly on the skin the location where the surgical procedure will be
(alcohol and iodine). carried out.
Health-care Associated Infection - Where/ When is the surgical Asepsis
- any infection that is acquired during the time a applied?
patient is admitted in a healthcare facility. - when the skin is not intact and when internal
- The most common healthcare-associated areas of the body are involved in procedures,
infection is the urinary tract infection (UTI). whether for diagnostic or treatment purposes.
Iatrogenic Infection - wound care
- infection that is acquired in the course of - during invasive procedures (e.g., endoscopy),
undergoing diagnostic tests or therapeutic - administration of intravenous drugs
procedures. - during insertion of urinary catheter
Occupational Exposure
- the acquisition or exposure to an infectious General aseptic procedures
agent of a healthcare worker during the course
of his/her work. Frequent handwashing of hospital personnel
Personal protective Equipment Safe disposal of contaminated material
- specialized equipment and attire used by Regular checking and emptying of containers
healthcare workers to protect them from for surgical drains
infections. These include gloves, masks, gowns, Prompt cleaning of soiled or moist areas
and goggles. Proper labeling of containers
ASEPSIS SEPSIS
- Asepsis is the absence of disease-producing - the clinical condition where an individual
organisms develops systematic reaction to a bacterial
- divided into medical asepsis and surgical infection that starts from localized infection one
asepsis part of the body
- free of microorganisms - indicates bacterial contamination
Hannah Adan 1
, M
MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY
C3
MIDTERMS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS
4. Gloves must be removed or changed if
moving from a contaminated body site to
another body site in the course of caring for a
patient.
HANDWASHING 5. Re-using of gloves after decontamination is
- efficient in healthcare environment not recommended.
o reduce the flora on healthcare worker’s
skin
o the healthcare worker in the event that Recommended situations to use gloves in acc
there is a break in his or her skin to WHO
o reduce risk of contact with infectious 1. Before performing a sterile procedure.
agents if gloves worn are punctured 2. When in contact with a patient and his or her
o reduce the chances of disease surroundings in conditions where contact
transmission. precautions are warranted.
3. When contact with blood or body fluids, non-
When should be handwashing done? intact skin, and mucous membranes is
- Acc to United States Center for Disease Control anticipated.
recommend routine handwashing for at least 15
seconds with a 10-second rinse. Removal of gloves
- For healthcare workers a longer period of time 1. When hand hygiene is indicated.
for handwashing that entails thorough washing 2. After contact with a single patient and his or
of the hands, lathering at least twice, and her surroundings is ended or when contact
careful cleaning of the fingernails is with a contaminated body site is ended.
recommended in the following situations: 3. As soon as the gloves are damaged or there
o at the beginning and end of each shift is loss of integrity of the gloves.
o when the hands are visibly soiled 4. After contact with blood or body fluids, non-
o after contact with a possible source of intact skin, and mucous membrane.
microorganisms such as blood or body
fluids, mucous membrane, non-intact Masks
skin, or contaminated objects - must cover the mouth and nose.
o before and after performing invasive - must be tied in a way that there should be
procedures; minimal gaps between the face and the mask.
o before removing gloves if they are - healthcare worker must also avoid touching the
mask while it is worn.
visibly soiled and each time after
- The moment it becomes damp, it should be
removing gloves.
replaced with a clean and dry one.
- masks are single-use items. it must be discarded
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
and disposed of as clinical waste the moment
- equipment and attire used in healthcare
the procedure which necessitated its wearing is
facilities to protect not only the healthcare
completed.
workers but also the patients and visitors
- it is also recommended that hands are
against infections.
decontaminated by washing with soap and
Gloves
water or by using alcohol-based hand sanitizers
- Most commonly used
after the mask is disposed.
- Types of gloves:
o Examination gloves: m ay be sterile or
Sterile Gowns
non-sterile
-
Is recommended to use when there is probability
o Surgical gloves: are sterile
of contact with blood, body secretions
- Serves as protective barrier when handling or - If HC worker has a close contact with patient,
touching open wounds, blood or body fluids equipment or material that can introduce
- Protects from microorganism and spread of infectious agents
infections - Can be apron or gown
- Gloves must be disposed after use Clean or non-sterile apron
- Hands must be washed after and every - If there is a risk for body substances, blood, or
procedure body secretions to contaminate the clothing or
skin of the healthcare worker, a fluid-resistant
Guidelines in proper use of gloves acc to WHO apron or gown is recommended.
1. Gloves are not meant to replace observance - Generally sufficient to protect skin and prevent
of proper hand hygiene. The practice of hand soiling of clothing during procedure
hygiene must still be observed before and - Healthcare workers must make sure that they
after wearing of gloves. change gowns or aprons in between treating
2. Gloves must be worn if contact with blood or different patients.
body fluids, mucous membranes, open Disposable single-use, full body, long-sleeved
wounds, or potentially infectious material is gowns
anticipated. - Usually worn when
3. Gloves must be removed and disposed of o when there is a risk of contact of the
after caring for a patient. Healthcare workers
healthcare worker's skin with a patient
must not wear the same gloves if caring for
who has broken skin
more than one patient.
Hannah Adan 2
MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY
C3
MIDTERMS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS
INFECTION CONTROL - The goals of asepsis are to protect the patient
- one of the major concerns that healthcare from hospital-acquired or nosocomial infections
workers in healthcare facilities and hospitals and to prevent the spread of pathogenic
constantly address. microorganisms.
Chain of Infection Factors that play role in the occurrence of
- how an individual acquires the infectious agents infection among patient
and includes the infectious agent, the source of 1. Suppression of the immune system
infection or its reservoir, how the organism is 2. Prolonged duration of illness
transmitted, and the organism's portal of entry 3. Procedures that patient undergo in HC facility
into the susceptible host. (in-dwelling catheters)
Mode of Transmission
- the manner in which the infectious organism is Most commonly occurring pathogenic
acquired by the host microorganisms that lead to nosocomial
Standard Precautions infections
- the specific used to prevent the spread of Escherichia coli,
microorganism among all patients and Staphylococcus arews,
healthcare workers Pendomonas aeruginosa,
Contamination Candida albicans,
- denotes contact of a sterile or aseptic item with Enterococcus.
microorganisms.
- Medically aseptic items become contaminated if Categories of Asepsis
they get in contact with disease-producing Medical or Clean Asepsis
organisms. Sterile items become - refers to the absence of disease-producing
contaminated if they get in contact microorganisms
Decontamination - infection control process that aims to reduce the
- the process where physical or chemical means spread of infection
are used to remove, inactivate, or destroy - involves certain procedures aimed to decrease
pathogens on a surface or item making them the number of organisms and prevent their
safe for handling or use and incapable of spread in the general clinical setting.
transmitting infectious agents. - Where is Clean Asepsis applied:
Disinfection o Proper hand hygiene,
- the process of using physical or chemical means o administration of all medications except
to destroy pathogens, excluding the spores. those that are given intravenously,
Sterilization o preparation of the patient's skin before
- the process by which all pathogens are administration of subcutaneous
destroyed, including the spores.
o Physical method Surgical or Sterile Asepsis
o Chemical method - the absence of all microorganisms.
Antiseptic - involves procedures that aim to eliminate
- chemical solution that inhibits the growth of microorganisms from an area in the body where
some microorganisms. surgical procedures will be performed as well as
- Most antiseptics can be used directly on the skin the location where the surgical procedure will be
(alcohol and iodine). carried out.
Health-care Associated Infection - Where/ When is the surgical Asepsis
- any infection that is acquired during the time a applied?
patient is admitted in a healthcare facility. - when the skin is not intact and when internal
- The most common healthcare-associated areas of the body are involved in procedures,
infection is the urinary tract infection (UTI). whether for diagnostic or treatment purposes.
Iatrogenic Infection - wound care
- infection that is acquired in the course of - during invasive procedures (e.g., endoscopy),
undergoing diagnostic tests or therapeutic - administration of intravenous drugs
procedures. - during insertion of urinary catheter
Occupational Exposure
- the acquisition or exposure to an infectious General aseptic procedures
agent of a healthcare worker during the course
of his/her work. Frequent handwashing of hospital personnel
Personal protective Equipment Safe disposal of contaminated material
- specialized equipment and attire used by Regular checking and emptying of containers
healthcare workers to protect them from for surgical drains
infections. These include gloves, masks, gowns, Prompt cleaning of soiled or moist areas
and goggles. Proper labeling of containers
ASEPSIS SEPSIS
- Asepsis is the absence of disease-producing - the clinical condition where an individual
organisms develops systematic reaction to a bacterial
- divided into medical asepsis and surgical infection that starts from localized infection one
asepsis part of the body
- free of microorganisms - indicates bacterial contamination
Hannah Adan 1
, M
MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY
C3
MIDTERMS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS
4. Gloves must be removed or changed if
moving from a contaminated body site to
another body site in the course of caring for a
patient.
HANDWASHING 5. Re-using of gloves after decontamination is
- efficient in healthcare environment not recommended.
o reduce the flora on healthcare worker’s
skin
o the healthcare worker in the event that Recommended situations to use gloves in acc
there is a break in his or her skin to WHO
o reduce risk of contact with infectious 1. Before performing a sterile procedure.
agents if gloves worn are punctured 2. When in contact with a patient and his or her
o reduce the chances of disease surroundings in conditions where contact
transmission. precautions are warranted.
3. When contact with blood or body fluids, non-
When should be handwashing done? intact skin, and mucous membranes is
- Acc to United States Center for Disease Control anticipated.
recommend routine handwashing for at least 15
seconds with a 10-second rinse. Removal of gloves
- For healthcare workers a longer period of time 1. When hand hygiene is indicated.
for handwashing that entails thorough washing 2. After contact with a single patient and his or
of the hands, lathering at least twice, and her surroundings is ended or when contact
careful cleaning of the fingernails is with a contaminated body site is ended.
recommended in the following situations: 3. As soon as the gloves are damaged or there
o at the beginning and end of each shift is loss of integrity of the gloves.
o when the hands are visibly soiled 4. After contact with blood or body fluids, non-
o after contact with a possible source of intact skin, and mucous membrane.
microorganisms such as blood or body
fluids, mucous membrane, non-intact Masks
skin, or contaminated objects - must cover the mouth and nose.
o before and after performing invasive - must be tied in a way that there should be
procedures; minimal gaps between the face and the mask.
o before removing gloves if they are - healthcare worker must also avoid touching the
mask while it is worn.
visibly soiled and each time after
- The moment it becomes damp, it should be
removing gloves.
replaced with a clean and dry one.
- masks are single-use items. it must be discarded
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
and disposed of as clinical waste the moment
- equipment and attire used in healthcare
the procedure which necessitated its wearing is
facilities to protect not only the healthcare
completed.
workers but also the patients and visitors
- it is also recommended that hands are
against infections.
decontaminated by washing with soap and
Gloves
water or by using alcohol-based hand sanitizers
- Most commonly used
after the mask is disposed.
- Types of gloves:
o Examination gloves: m ay be sterile or
Sterile Gowns
non-sterile
-
Is recommended to use when there is probability
o Surgical gloves: are sterile
of contact with blood, body secretions
- Serves as protective barrier when handling or - If HC worker has a close contact with patient,
touching open wounds, blood or body fluids equipment or material that can introduce
- Protects from microorganism and spread of infectious agents
infections - Can be apron or gown
- Gloves must be disposed after use Clean or non-sterile apron
- Hands must be washed after and every - If there is a risk for body substances, blood, or
procedure body secretions to contaminate the clothing or
skin of the healthcare worker, a fluid-resistant
Guidelines in proper use of gloves acc to WHO apron or gown is recommended.
1. Gloves are not meant to replace observance - Generally sufficient to protect skin and prevent
of proper hand hygiene. The practice of hand soiling of clothing during procedure
hygiene must still be observed before and - Healthcare workers must make sure that they
after wearing of gloves. change gowns or aprons in between treating
2. Gloves must be worn if contact with blood or different patients.
body fluids, mucous membranes, open Disposable single-use, full body, long-sleeved
wounds, or potentially infectious material is gowns
anticipated. - Usually worn when
3. Gloves must be removed and disposed of o when there is a risk of contact of the
after caring for a patient. Healthcare workers
healthcare worker's skin with a patient
must not wear the same gloves if caring for
who has broken skin
more than one patient.
Hannah Adan 2
