Pharmacology Exam

Toxicity could occur when two drugs that are highly protein bound are given at the same time. True or False True What is the pharmacokinetic process called when a drug is changed to a less active or inactive form by enzymes? a. distribution b. absorption c. metabolism d. excretion c. Which routes are enteral? (Select all that apply) a. subcutaneous b. oral (PO) c. sublingual d. topical e. buccal f. intradermal b,c,e The _________ of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one-half of the peak level it previously achieved. half-life What is the pharmacokinetic process called when a drug goes from the bloodstream to the site of action? a. distribution b. metabolism c. excretion d. absorption a. ____________ describes how the body affects drugs. Pharmacokinetics The therapeutic index describes the therapeutic result of a drug. True or False False Which organs can have toxic effects from drugs? (Select all that apply) a. heart b. liver c. brain d. kidneys e. lungs All of the above ___________ describes how drugs affect the body. Pharmacodynamics What is the phenomenon called when drugs that are taken orally are delivered directly to the liver for metabolism before distribution? a. First-pass effect b. Bioavailability c. Biotransformation d. Half-life a. The term used to describe when a drug is at it's highest level. a. peak b. toxicity c. duration d. onset a. The therapeutic effect is the intended effect of a drug. True or False True A drug prototype represents a class of drugs True or False True What are the rights of safe medication administration? (Select all that apply) a. client b. route c. room d. medication e. dose f. time a,b,d,e,f When a client states that acetaminophen with codeine causes nausea and vomiting, the nurse should document that the client is allergic to this drug. True or False False If two drugs that use the same metabolic pathway (enzyme system) are given together the result could be a drug-drug interaction. True or False True Trade name is the official or nonproprietary name the United States Adopted Names council gives a medication. True or False False It takes 4-5 half-lives to achieve steady state True or False True When should a trough level be done? a. When adverse effects are present b. 30 minutes before the next dose c. When a drug is toxic d. With each doses increase. b. What is the pharmacokinetic process called when a drug goes from the site of action to the bloodstream? a. absorption b. excretion c. distribution d. metabolism a. What is the pharmacokinetic process called when a drug is removed from the body? a. absorption b. excretion c. distribution d. metabolism b. Antagonists are medications that bind to or mimic the receptor activity that endogenous compounds regulate. True or False False Which of the following is not a required components of a prescription? ????????????????/ a. Name of the medication b. Route c. Diagnosis d. Dosage e. Frequency c. Flumzenil is the antidote for antidepressant drugs. True or False False Which neurological drugs cause drowsiness? (Select all that apply) a. zolpidem b. baclofen c. alprazolam d. valproic acid e. phenytoin f. fluoxetine a,b,c,e Which drugs work by enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA? (Select all that apply) a. phenytoin b. valproic acid c. zolpidem d. alprazolam e. amitriptyline f. baclofen b,c,d,f Which antidepressant drug has an adverse effect of sexual dysfunction? a. baclofen b. phenytoin c. fluoxetine d. amitriptyline c. Which drug has an adverse effect of gingival hyperplasia? a. phonytoin b. amitriptyline c. zolpidem d. diazepam a. Which suffix represents benzodiazepine drugs? a. -pam b. -terol c. -pril d. -lol a. Alcohol should be avoided while taking most neurological system drugs. True or False True With which drugs is it important to monitor for suicidal ideation? (Select all that apply) a. alprazolam b. phenytoin c. zolpidem d. amitriptyline e. fluoxetine d,e What are the therapeutic uses for benzodiazepines? (Select all that apply) a. muscle spasms b. induction of anesthesia c. insomnia d. acute alcohol withdrawal e. anxiety f. status epilepticus All of the above A benzodiazepine such as midazolam is used in conjunction with an opioid for conscious sedation and one of the added benefits of using midazolam is that it causes amnesia. True or False True A client taking antiepileptic therapy should not stop taking the medication even when seizures have not occurred for a long time. True or False True Which drugs are used to treat insomnia? (Select all that apply) a. phenytoin b. baclofen c. temazepam d. fluoxetiine e. amitriptyline f. zolpidem c,f With which drug is sleep walking an adverse effect? a. valproic acid b. lidocaine c. baclofen d. zolpidem d. amitriptyline is commonly used to treat neuropathic pain even though it is an antidepressant drug. True or False True Which drug classifications require you to taper when discontinuing the drug? (Select all that apply) a. Valproic acid b. SSRIs c. Tricyclic Antidepressants d. Centrally acting muscle relaxants e. Hydantoins f. Benzodiazepines c,d,e,f It takes weeks for antidepressant drugs to be therapeutic. True or False True There are no toxicity concerns with neurological drugs. True or False False Which drugs treat absence seizures? a. valproic acid b. fluoxetine c. baclofen d. phenytoin a. A nursing student asks the instructor for tips on how to more easily learn pharmacology. The instructor discusses the anticoagulant Heparin and states knowing Heparin and comparing other drugs to Heparin will facilitate learning about the many anticoagulants. Which approach is the instructor using? a. Generic name approach b. Trade name approach c. Mechanism of action approach d. Drug classification approach d. Heparin is a generic name. Drugs are grouped together based on their similar properties. This is known as a drug classification. Drugs can be classified by their structure (e.g., beta-adrenergic blockers) or by their therapeutic use (e.g., antibiotics, antihypertensives, antidepressants). Within the broad classification, each class may have subclasses; for example, penicillins are a subclass within the group of antibiotics and beta-adrenergic blockers are a subclass within the group of antihypertensives. When reviewing pharmacology terms for a group of newly graduated nurses, the nurse explains that a drug's half-life is the time it takes for: a. the drug to cause half of its therapeutic response. b. one half of the original amount of a drug to reach the target cells. c. one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body. d. one half of the original amount of a drug to be absorbed into the circulation. c. Another pharmacokinetic variable is the half-life of the drug. By definition, the half-life is the time required for one-half (50%) of a given drug to be removed from the body. It is a measure of the rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body. The four categories of pharmacokinetics include: a. absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion b. ingestion, settling, movement, and storage c. diffusion, active transport, interspersing, and storage d. ingestion, metabolism, interspersing, and excretion a A patient is being discharged home on enteric-coated aspirin (Ecotrin). A nurse is providing patient education regarding the rationale for the enteric coating. Which statement made by the patient indicates understanding of the purpose of the enteric coating on the aspirin? a. "Enteric coating will allow the aspirin to be released a little at a time throughout the day." b. "Enteric coating means that the aspirin will not be broken down by the liver." c. "Enteric coating means that the aspirin can be broken down easier and eliminated by the kidney." d. "Enteric coating means that the acids of the gut will not destroy the aspirin." d. The purpose of enteric coating is to prevent the acids of the stomach from destroying the medication before it is effectively utilized by the body. Sustained-release formulations allow medications to be released a little at a time throughout the day. The first-pass effect is a process whereby a medication is broken down by the liver. Excretion refers to the elimination of a medication's metabolic byproducts by the kidneys.