Anatomy & Physiology, The Unity of Form and Function 8th Edition Saladin Test Bank

Anatomy & Physiology, The Unity of Form and Function 8th Edition Saladin Test Bank ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, THE UNITY OF FORM AND FUNCTION 8TH EDITION SALADIN TEST BANK TEST BANK FOR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: THE UNITY OF FORM AND FUNCTION 8TH EDITION SALADIN Chapter 02 The Chemistry of Life Answer Key True / False Questions 1. Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O01.01e List the important dietary minerals and describe the major uses of each mineral in the body. HAPS Topic: Module O01 Nutrition. Learning Outcome: 02.01c State the functions of minerals in the body. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 2. Molecules composed of two or more atoms are called compounds. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.03 Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01b Distinguish between elements and compounds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 3. Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are three isotopes of hydrogen. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.01c Explain how ions and isotopes are produced by changing the relative number of specific subatomic particles with respect to the structure of an atom. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01d Explain the basis for radioactivity and the types and hazards of ionizing radiation. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 4. Potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.03 Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01b Distinguish between elements and compounds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 5. Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds do. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C02.01a List each type of bond in order by relative strength with respect to non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Chemical bonding 6. A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.02 Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02c Show how three kinds of mixtures differ from each other. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 7. The pH of blood plasma is approximately 7.4, which is slightly acidic. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.05 State acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH values. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02d Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 8. The high heat capacity of water makes it a very ineffective coolant. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.01 Discuss the physiologically important properties of water. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02b Describe the biologically important properties of water. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 9. In an exchange reaction, covalent bonds are broken and new covalent bonds are formed. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions. Section: 02.03 Topic: Chemical bonding 10. Chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones are called catabolic reactions. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: 02.03e Define metabolism and its two subdivisions. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 11. The opposite of a dehydration synthesis reaction is a hydrolysis reaction. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 12. Unsaturated fatty acids have as much hydrogen as they can carry. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04e Discuss the types and functions of lipids. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 13. A dipeptide is a molecule with two peptide bonds. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 14. All amino acids have both a carboxyl group and an amino group attached to a central carbon. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function. 15. ATP is the body's most important form of long-term energy storage. FALSE Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell. HAPS Topic: Module C05 Energy transfer using ATP. Learning Outcome: 02.04h Describe the structure, production, and function of ATP. Section: 02.04 Topic: Energy transfer using ATP Multiple Choice Questions 16. The most abundant element in the human body, by weight, is . A. nitrogen B. hydrogen C. carbon D. oxygen E. calcium Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.03 Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01a Identify the elements of the body from their symbols. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 17. Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has . A. 12 neutrons and 11 protons B. 12 protons and 11 neutrons C. 12 electrons and 11 neutrons D. 12 protons and 11 electrons E. 12 electrons and 11 protons Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.01d Distinguish among the terms atomic number, mass number and atomic weight with respect to the structure of an atom. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01a Identify the elements of the body from their symbols. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 18. The chemical properties of an atom are determined by its . A. protons B. electrons C. neutrons D. protons and neutrons E. particles Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.01b Relate the number of electrons in an electron shell to an atoms chemical stability and its ability to form chemical bonds with respect to the structure of an atom. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01b Distinguish between elements and compounds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 19. Na (atomic no. 11) reacts with Cl (atomic no. 17) to become stable. In the reaction, Na will , while Cl will . A. accept one electron; give up one electron B. give up one proton; accept one proton C. share one electron with chlorine; share one electron with sodium D. become an anion; become a cation E. give up one electron; accept one electron Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C02.01b Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Chemical bonding 20. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons does it have? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 E. 16 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.01d Distinguish among the terms atomic number, mass number and atomic weight with respect to the structure of an atom. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01b Distinguish between elements and compounds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 21. Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a(n) bond. A. hydrogen B. nonpolar covalent C. polar covalent D. ionic E. Van der Waals Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C02.01b Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Chemical bonding 22. When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water . A. Na + and Cl - form ionic bonds with each other B. Na + and Cl - form polar covalent bonds with each other C. Na + and Cl - form hydrogen bonds with water D. Ionic bonds between Na + and Cl - are broken E. Na + and Cl - become separated by their Van der Waals forces Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C02.01b Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Chemical bonding 23. The bonding properties of an atom are determined by its . A. electrons B. protons C. positrons D. neutrons E. photons Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.01b Relate the number of electrons in an electron shell to an atoms chemical stability and its ability to form chemical bonds with respect to the structure of an atom. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Chemical bonding 24. What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another? A. An ionic bond B. A peptide bond C. A hydrogen bond D. A covalent bond E. A hydrolytic bond Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C02.01b Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Chemical bonding Check All That Apply Questions 25. Which of these is a cation? Check all that apply. O 2 X K+ X Na+ X Ca 2+ Cl Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.02 Compare and contrast the terms ions, electrolytes, free radicals, isotopes and radioisotopes. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01e Distinguish between ions, electrolytes, and free radicals. Section: 02.01 Topic: Chemical bonding Multiple Choice Questions 26. account for 98.5% of the body's weight. A. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine B. Carbon, oxygen, iron, sodium, potassium, and chlorine C. Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine D. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium E. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.03 Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01a Identify the elements of the body from their symbols. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 27. differ from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass. A. Cations B. Anions C. Isotopes D. Electrolytes E. Free radicals Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.02 Compare and contrast the terms ions, electrolytes, free radicals, isotopes and radioisotopes. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01d Explain the basis for radioactivity and the types and hazards of ionizing radiation. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 28. When jumping into water you notice resistance. This resistance is caused by water's . A. adhesiveness B. cohesiveness C. hydrophobic tension D. hydrophilic tension E. osmotic equilibrium 29. Which of these is hydrophobic? A. Glucose B. K + C. Cl - D. Water E. Fat Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.01 Discuss the physiologically important properties of water. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02b Describe the biologically important properties of water. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.01 Discuss the physiologically important properties of water. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02b Describe the biologically important properties of water. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 30. Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) , the protein is in a(n) , and the cells are in a . A. emulsion; solution; suspension B. solvent; emulsion; colloid C. colloid; suspension; solution D. suspension; colloid; solution E. solution; colloid; suspension Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.02 Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02c Show how three kinds of mixtures differ from each other. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 31. Which of these is the most appropriate to express the number of molecules per volume? A. Molarity B. Volume C. Percentage D. Weight per volume E. Milliequivalents per liter Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.02 Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02e Discuss some ways in which the concentration of a solution can be expressed, and the kinds of information we can derive from the different units of measure. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 32. A solution with pH 4 has the H + concentration of a solution with pH 8. A. ½ B. 2 times C. 4 times D. 10,000 times E. 1/10,000 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.04 Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02d Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 33. Which of these has the highest H + concentration? A. Lemon juice, pH = 2.3 B. Red wine, pH = 3.2 C. Tomato juice, pH = 4.7 D. Saliva, pH = 6.6 E. Household ammonia, pH = 10.8 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.05 State acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH values. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02d Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 34. In a workout your muscle cells produce lactate, yet you maintain a constant blood pH because . A. metabolic acids are neutralized in muscle cells before released into the blood B. metabolic bases are produced at the same rate by muscle cells to neutralize the acids C. the respiratory system removes excess H + from the blood before the pH is lowered D. the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH E. endothelial cells secrete excess H + to prevent a decrease in pH Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.04 Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02d Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 35. A solution that resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added to it is a(n) . A. buffer B. catalyst C. reducing agent D. oxidizing agent E. colloid Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.04 Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02d Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 36. A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called a(n) reaction. A. reduction B. condensation C. hydrolysis D. anabolic E. oxidation Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: 02.03f Define oxidation and reduction, and relate these to changes in the energy content of a molecule. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 37. The most relevant free energy in human physiology is the energy stored in . A. electrolytes ionized in water B. free radicals with an odd number of electrons C. radioisotopes D. the chemical bonds of organic molecules E. Van der Waals forces Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: 02.03a Define energy and work, and describe some types of energy. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 38. The breakdown of glycogen (an energy-storage compound) is an example of a(n) reaction. A. exergonic B. endergonic C. exchange D. synthesis E. equilibrium Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 39. Potential energy stored in bonds is released as energy. A. electromagnetic B. electrical C. chemical D. heat E. kinetic Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 40. The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as . A. anabolic and endergonic B. catabolic and exergonic C. anabolic and exergonic D. catabolic and endergonic E. anabolic and exothermic Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: 02.03e Define metabolism and its two subdivisions. Section: 02.03 Topic: Cellular respiration 41. Which one of the following would not increase the rate of a reaction? A. An increase in reactant concentrations B. A rise in temperature C. The presence of a catalyst D. The presence of an enzyme E. A decrease in reactant concentrations Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.03d Identify the factors that govern the speed and direction of a reaction. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 42. Which of the following terms encompasses all of the other ones? A. Catabolism B. Anabolism C. Metabolism D. Oxidation reactions E. Reduction reactions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: 02.03e Define metabolism and its two subdivisions. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 43. The breakdown of starch by digestive enzymes into glucose molecules is a(n) reaction. A. synthesis B. decomposition C. exchange D. anabolic E. reduction Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 44. Which of the following equations depicts an exchange reaction? A. AB → A + B B. A + B → AB C. AB + CD → AC + BD D. AB → A - + B + E. A + B → AB → C + D Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.03b Understand how chemical reactions are symbolized by chemical equations. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 45. A(n) is a group of atoms that determines many of the properties of an organic molecule. A. carboxyl group B. functional group C. hydroxyl group D. amino group E. phosphate group Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04b Identify some common functional groups of organic molecules from their formulae. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 46. Which of the following is not an organic compound? A. C 16 H 18 N 3 ClS B. Na 2 HPO 3 (H 2 O) 5 C. CH 4 D. C 3 H 7 O 2 N Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.01 Define the term organic molecule. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04a Explain why carbon is especially well suited to serve as the structural foundation of many biological molecules. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 47. A reaction breaks a down into its monomers. A. hydrolysis; polymer B. dehydration synthesis; molecule C. dehydration synthesis; polymer D. polymer; molecule E. condensation; reactant Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04c Discuss the relevance of polymers to biology and explain how they are formed and broken by dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 48. The formula of an amino group is ; the formula of a carboxyl group is . A. -COOH; -OH B. -CH 3 ; -NH 2 C. -OH; -SH D. -NH 2 ; -COOH E. -SH; -H 2 PO 4 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04b Identify some common functional groups of organic molecules from their formulae. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 49. Table sugar is a disaccharide called and is made up of the monomer(s) . A. maltose; glucose and sucrose B. sucrose; glucose and fructose C. lactose; glucose and galactose D. glycogen; glucose and fructose E. glucose; galactose and fructose Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04d Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 50. Which of the following is a disaccharide? A. Galactose B. Lactose C. Glucose D. Fructose E. Amylose Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04d Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 51. is a monosaccharide, whereas is a polysaccharide. A. Fructose; sucrose B. Galactose; maltose C. Lactose; glycogen D. Glucose; starch E. Cellulose; glucose Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04c Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04d Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 52. In general, have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen. A. enzymes B. proteins C. lipids D. carbohydrates E. nucleic acids Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04d Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 53. Proteoglycans are composed of . A. carbohydrates and fats B. nucleic acids and fats C. carbohydrates and proteins D. proteins and fats E. nucleic acids and proteins Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04c Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04d Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 54. Triglycerides consist of a 3-carbon compound called bound to three . A. pyruvate; fatty acids B. lactate; glycerols C. eicosanoid; steroids D. glycerol; fatty acids E. sterol; fatty acids Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04e Discuss the types and functions of lipids. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 55. are major components of cell membranes, and are said to be . A. Triglycerides; hydrophobic B. Steroids; hydrophilic C. Bile acids; fat-soluble D. Eicosanoids; water-soluble E. Phospholipids; amphiphilic Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04c Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04e Discuss the types and functions of lipids. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 56. Which of these molecules is hydrophobic? A. Glucose B. Cholesterol C. Amino acid D. Protein E. Disaccharide Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04c Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04e Discuss the types and functions of lipids. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 57. Proteins perform all of the following functions except . A. catalyze metabolic reactions B. give structural strength to cells and tissues C. produce muscular and other forms of movement D. regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells E. store hereditary information Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04e Discuss physiological and structural roles in the human body of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 58. A drastic conformational change in a protein in response to extreme heat or pH is called . A. contamination B. denaturation C. saturation D. sedimentation E. deconformation NURSINGTB.COM Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 59. Proteins are built from different amino acids. A. monomers; 10 B. molecules; 10 C. polymers; 20 D. macromolecules; 40 E. peptides:25 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.05 Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 60. The folding and coiling of a protein into a globular shape is the structure of the protein. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary E. denatured Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.05 Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 61. An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its . A. active site B. receptor C. secondary structure D. terminal amino acid E. alpha chain Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.05 Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04g Explain how enzymes function. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 62. is the substrate of . A. Glucose; lactose B. Lactase; glucose C. Lactose; lactase D. Galactose; lactose E. Sucrase; sucrose Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04g Explain how enzymes function. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 63. All enzymes are . A. cofactors B. proteins C. lipids D. carbohydrates E. nucleic acids Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04g Explain how enzymes function. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 64. Nucleic acids are of . A. monomers; monosaccharides B. monomers; ATP C. polymers; nucleotides D. polymers; cAMP E. polymers; DNA NURSINGTB.COM Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04j Identify the principal types of nucleic acids. Section: 02.04 Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA Topic: Organic compounds 65. ATP endergonic and exergonic reactions. A. opposes B. decomposes C. reduces D. links E. dehydrates Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell. HAPS Topic: Module C05 Energy transfer using ATP. Learning Outcome: 02.04h Describe the structure, production, and function of ATP. Section: 02.04 Topic: Energy transfer using ATP Topic: Organic compounds 66. Minerals are found in all of the following except . A. bones and teeth B. vitamins C. thyroid hormone D. electrolytes Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O01.01e List the important dietary minerals and describe the major uses of each mineral in the body. HAPS Topic: Module O01 Nutrition. Learning Outcome: 02.01c State the functions of minerals in the body. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 67. An atom with 12 electrons, 13 neutrons, and 11 protons is a(n) . A. anion B. cation C. free radical D. isotope E. both an anion and an isotope F. both an anion and a free radical Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C01.02 Compare and contrast the terms ions, electrolytes, free radicals, isotopes and radioisotopes. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: 02.01e Distinguish between ions, electrolytes, and free radicals. Section: 02.01 Topic: Atoms and molecules 68. The concentration of a solution may be expressed by all of the following except . A. weight per volume B. percentage C. molarity D. pH Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C03.02 Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: 02.02e Discuss some ways in which the concentration of a solution can be expressed, and the kinds of information we can derive from the different units of measure. Section: 02.02 Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions 69. The vibration of an ear drum is an example of energy. A. kinetic B. potential C. elastic D. radiant Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell. HAPS Topic: Module C05 Energy transfer using ATP. Learning Outcome: 02.03a Define energy and work, and describe some types of energy. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 70. In the following reaction, what is(are) the product(s)? CO 2 + H 2 O --- H 2 CO 3 A. H 2 CO 3 B. CO 2 and H 2 O C. CO 2 and H 2 CO 3 D. H 2 O and H 2 CO 3 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.03b Understand how chemical reactions are symbolized by chemical equations. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 71. Which of the following will increase the rate of a chemical reaction? A. An increase in reactant concentration B. An increase in product concentration C. A decreased temperature D. Enzyme inhibition Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.03d Identify the factors that govern the speed and direction of a reaction. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules 72. Carbon is very versatile in forming bonds with other atoms because it has valence electrons. A. four B. two C. eight D. six Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.01 Define the term organic molecule. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04a Explain why carbon is especially well suited to serve as the structural foundation of many biological molecules. Section: 02.04 Topic: Chemical bonding Topic: Organic compounds 73. Amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks starches down into sugars through reactions. A. hydrolysis B. dehydration synthesis C. anabolic D. endergonic Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04c Discuss the relevance of polymers to biology and explain how they are formed and broken by dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 74. Which of the following is not a nucleotide? A. RNA B. GTP C. ATP D. cAMP Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: 02.04j Identify the principal types of nucleic acids. Section: 02.04 Topic: Organic compounds 75. Metabolism is the sum of and . A. inhalation; exhalation B. growth; differentiation C. anabolism; catabolism D. positive; negative feedback E. responsiveness; movement Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: 02.03e Define metabolism and its two subdivisions. Section: 02.03 Topic: Energy transfer using ATP True / False Questions 76. A molecule that is oxidized gains electrons and energy. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: 02.03f Define oxidation and reduction, and relate these to changes in the energy content of a molecule. Section: 02.03 Topic: Atoms and molecules