Nutrition 101 Exam 1 Review 50 questions and answers,100% CORRECT

Nutrition 101 Exam 1 Review 2023 with questions and answers Nutrition - correct answer The study of how nutrients are processed Nutrient - correct answer A chemical substance that is obtained from food and can be used by the body Distribution of 6 nutrient classes in the body - correct answer Macronutrients 1. Protein - 10-20% 2. Carbohydrate - 1% 3. Fat - 15-25% 4. Water - 50-60% of body weight Micronutrients 5. Minerals - 4-5% 6. Vitamins - 1% Essential Nutrient - correct answer Nutrients that the body does not produce at all or sufficiently Non-Essential Nutrient - correct answer Nutrients that can be made by the body Where does Energy come from? - correct answer Foods How many calories are associated with carbs? - correct answer4kcals How many calories are associated with fats? - correct answer9kcals How many calories are associated with proteins? - correct answer4kcals How do you convert grams of carbs into kcals? - correct answer g carb x 4kcal = ____kcals How do you convert grams of fats into kcals? - correct answer_ g fat x 9kcal = ____kcals How do you convert grams of proteins into kcals? - correct answer_ g protein x 4kcal = ____kcals Calculation for: Percent of daily value for Carbs? - correct answer(Grams CHO x 4)/total cal x 100 = ____% Calculation for: Percent of daily value for Fat? - correct answer(Grams FAT x 9)/total cal x 100 = ____% Calculation for: Percent of daily value for Saturated Fat? - correct answer(Grams SAT-FAT x 9)/total cal x 100 = ____% Calculation for: Percent of daily value for Protein? - correct answer(Grams PROTEIN x 4)/total cal x 100 = ____% Epidemiological Study - correct answer Scientists observe how much or what kinds of foods a group is eating Animal Study - correct answer Scientists feed animals a special diet providing or omitting specific nutrients Case-Control Study - correct answer Scientists compare people who Do and Do NOT have a certain condition Human Interaction - correct answer Scientists ask people to change a behavior or habit Daily Reference Intake (DRI) - correct answer Estimation of nutrient needs based on scientific evidence Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - correct answer Determines the average requirement of a nutrient Adequate Intake (AI) - correct answer Goal nutrient intake Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) - correct answer Maximum of nutrient that should be consumed What comprises a "Healthy Diet"? Why? - correct answer Must be... 1. Adequate - a diet that provides adequate energy to fuel daily activities 2. Moderate - provides the correct amounts of food to meet nutrient needs without being excessive 3. Balanced - all food groups are present in each meal to provide correct combo of nutrients 4. Varied - consuming a variety of foods from each food group gives the accurate nutrients needed Nutrient Density - correct answer Amount of essential nutrients in a serving of food Nutrition Guidelines - correct answer Choose appropriate calories, maintain a healthy weight, intake sufficient nutrients and lower the risk for chronic disease Developed by the Dept. of Health & Human Services and the USDA Food Pyramid - correct answer1. Breads and Grains 2. Vegetables 3. Fruits 4. Dairy 5. Protein 6. Fats, Oils, Sweets (sparingly) Mediterranean Diet - correct answer Lowers cholesterol Vegan Diet - correct answer Avoids all animal products Vegetarian Diet - correct answer Avoids all meat products What nutrients are of concern with vegetarian diets? - correct answer1. B12 - neurological damage 2. Iron - metabolism levels 3. Zinc - poor growth 4. Calcium - bone structure 5. Protein - too little kcals What are the 2 types of Digestion? - correct answer Physical - breaking down food physically Chemical - breaking down food chemically Enzyme - correct answerA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing Catalyst - correct answerA substance that increases the rate of chemical reactions What are the key Hormones in absorption? - correct answer1. Gastrin - found in stomach - stimulated by food - secretes HCL 2. Secretin - found in small intestine - stimulated by chyme - stimulates pancreas to release bicarbonate 3. Cholecystokinin - found in small intestine - stimulated by fat - stimulates gall bladder to release bile What are the key Enzymes in absorption? - correct answer1. Amylase - found in mouth - stimulated by starch - breaks down starch 2. Pepsidases - found in small intestine - stimulated by protein - breaks down to amino acids 3. Proteases - found in stomach - stimulated by protein - breaks down protein 4. Lipase - found in small intestine - stimulated by fat - breaks down fat Glycogen - correct answerStorage form of carbs. Many branches of glucose. Stored in liver and muscles What monosaccharides make up sucrose? - correct answerGlucose + Fructose What monosaccharides make up lactose? - correct answerGalactose + Glucose What monosaccharides make up maltose? - correct answerGlucose + Glucose 3 most common Simple Sugars - correct answerGlucose, Fructose, Galactose Which sugars are Disaccharides? - correct answerSucrose, Maltose, Lactose What are the enzymes that break down the sugars? - correct answerSucrose = Sucrase Lactose = Lactase Maltose = Maltase What are the Complex Carbohydrates? - correct answer1. Glycogen - made and found in the body 2. Starch - grains, potatoes, rice, etc. What are the 2 types of Soluble Fibers? - correct answer1. Gums - secreted from plants 2. Rectins - added to thicken What are the 2 types of Insoluble Fibers? - correct answer1. Cellulose - plant cell walls 2. Hemicellulose - cereal fibers Insulin - correct answerRegulates blood sugar levels Glucagon - correct answerHormone that tells the liver to break down glycogen and generate glucose How do we get energy from breaking down carbohydrates? - correct answerCarbon rings split until they are ATP (Energy)