Chapter 1
Introduction to Heat Transfer
Modes of Heat Transfer
Conduction, Convection, Radiation
Conduction
Heat transfer through solids and non-moving liquids
and gases
Rate of heat transfer is proportional to the temperature
gradient in the material
1
, qn T
An n
n = direction of heat flow
qn = rate of heat flow in n direction
T = temperature
An = cross section area through which heat flows
qn T
Fourier’s Law = −k
An n
k = thermal conductivity
q
Heat flux =
A
q T
In x direction: = − k
A x x
q T
Similarly, = − k
A y y
q T
= − k
A z z
2