NR602 Midterm Exam, Complete Verified
Solution
What is a chalazion?
Benign, chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation of the eyelid
What causes a chalazion?
Blockage of the meibomian gland
What puts a person at risk for a chalazion?
Hordeolum or any condition which may impede flow through the meibomian gland.
Mite species that reside in lash follicles.
What are physical exam findings for a chalazion?
Painless
Does NOT involve lashes
Lid edema or palpable mass
Red or grey mass on inner aspect of lid margin
What is prevention for chalazion?
Good eye hygiene
What is treatment for chalazion?
Warm, moist compresses 3x a day
If secondarily infected: sulfacetamide or erythromycin
What is the follow-up for chalazion?
In 2-4 weeks
If still present after 6wks, follow up w/ophthalmologist
What is blepharitis?
Inflammation/infection of the lid margins (chronic problem)
What are the two types of blepharitis?
Seborrheic (non-ulcerative)
Ulcerative
What can cause seborrheic blepharitis?
Irritants (smoke, makeup, chemicals)
What are s/s of seborrheic blepharitis?
Chronic inflammation of eyelid
Erythema
Greasy scaling of anterior eyelid
Loss of eyelashes
Seborrheic dermatitis of eyebrows/scalp
What usually causes ulcerative blepharitis?
Infection w/staph or strep
What are s/s of ulcerative blepharitis?
Itching
Tearing
Recurrent styes
Chalazia
, Photophobia
Small ulceration at eyelid margin
Broken/absent eyelashes
Most frequent complaint: ongoing eye irritation, conjunctiva redness
What is the treatment for blepharitis?
Clean w/baby shampoo 2-4 times/day
Warm compresses
Lid massage (right after warm massage)
How are infected eyelids with blepharitis treated?
Antistaph abx: bacitracin, erythromycin 0.05% x1 wk and quinolone ointments
How is blepharitis infection resistant to topical abx treated?
Tetracycline 250mg PO x4
Doxy 100mg PO x2
What is conjunctivitis?
Inflammation or irritation of conjunctiva
What is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in peds?
Bacteria
What are some common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Contact lenses
Rubbing eyes
Trauma
What are s/s of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Purulent (green/yellow) drainage, initially unilateral, then bilat
Sensation of FB is common
Redness
Crust/matted eyelids in AM
How long does bacterial conjunctivitis usually last?
5-7 days (self-limiting)
What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Eye drops: polytrim, erythromycin, tobramycin, cipro
What is the most common organism causing bacterial conjunctivitis?
H. influenza
What are common causative organisms of viral conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
Coxsackie
Herpes
Molluscum
What are s/s of viral conjunctivitis?
Profuse tearing
Mucus drainage
Burning
Concurrent URI
Enlarged/tender preauricular nodes
Solution
What is a chalazion?
Benign, chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation of the eyelid
What causes a chalazion?
Blockage of the meibomian gland
What puts a person at risk for a chalazion?
Hordeolum or any condition which may impede flow through the meibomian gland.
Mite species that reside in lash follicles.
What are physical exam findings for a chalazion?
Painless
Does NOT involve lashes
Lid edema or palpable mass
Red or grey mass on inner aspect of lid margin
What is prevention for chalazion?
Good eye hygiene
What is treatment for chalazion?
Warm, moist compresses 3x a day
If secondarily infected: sulfacetamide or erythromycin
What is the follow-up for chalazion?
In 2-4 weeks
If still present after 6wks, follow up w/ophthalmologist
What is blepharitis?
Inflammation/infection of the lid margins (chronic problem)
What are the two types of blepharitis?
Seborrheic (non-ulcerative)
Ulcerative
What can cause seborrheic blepharitis?
Irritants (smoke, makeup, chemicals)
What are s/s of seborrheic blepharitis?
Chronic inflammation of eyelid
Erythema
Greasy scaling of anterior eyelid
Loss of eyelashes
Seborrheic dermatitis of eyebrows/scalp
What usually causes ulcerative blepharitis?
Infection w/staph or strep
What are s/s of ulcerative blepharitis?
Itching
Tearing
Recurrent styes
Chalazia
, Photophobia
Small ulceration at eyelid margin
Broken/absent eyelashes
Most frequent complaint: ongoing eye irritation, conjunctiva redness
What is the treatment for blepharitis?
Clean w/baby shampoo 2-4 times/day
Warm compresses
Lid massage (right after warm massage)
How are infected eyelids with blepharitis treated?
Antistaph abx: bacitracin, erythromycin 0.05% x1 wk and quinolone ointments
How is blepharitis infection resistant to topical abx treated?
Tetracycline 250mg PO x4
Doxy 100mg PO x2
What is conjunctivitis?
Inflammation or irritation of conjunctiva
What is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in peds?
Bacteria
What are some common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Contact lenses
Rubbing eyes
Trauma
What are s/s of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Purulent (green/yellow) drainage, initially unilateral, then bilat
Sensation of FB is common
Redness
Crust/matted eyelids in AM
How long does bacterial conjunctivitis usually last?
5-7 days (self-limiting)
What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Eye drops: polytrim, erythromycin, tobramycin, cipro
What is the most common organism causing bacterial conjunctivitis?
H. influenza
What are common causative organisms of viral conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
Coxsackie
Herpes
Molluscum
What are s/s of viral conjunctivitis?
Profuse tearing
Mucus drainage
Burning
Concurrent URI
Enlarged/tender preauricular nodes
