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LECTURE NOTES
ON
Estimating and Costing
IV B. Tech I semester (JNTUH-R13)
CIVIL ENGINEERING
jntuworldupdates.org Specworld.in
,Smartzworld.com Smartworld.asia
INDEX
S.No. Topic Page No.
01. Introduction to the subject 1 - 3
02. Measurement of Materials & Works 4 - 12
03. Types of Estimates 13 - 21
04. Detail & Abstract Estimates of Buildings 22 - 55
05. Analysis of Rates 56 - 73
06. Estimation of Quantities of Steel & RCC 74 - 80
Elements
07. Earth Work Calculations 81 - 95
08. Detailed Estimates 96 - 108
09. Appendix 09 - 115
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1 Estimation and Costing
Chapter INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT
1
DEFINITION OF ESTIMATING AND COSTING
Estimating is the technique of calculating or Computing the
various quantities and the expected Expenditure to be incurred on a
particular work or project.
In case the funds avilable are less than the estimated cost the work
is done in part or by reducing it or specifications are altered, the
following require-ment are necessary for preparing an estimate.
a) Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.
b) Detailed specifications about workmenship & properties of materials etc.
c) Standard schedule of rates of the current year.
NEED FOR ESTIMATION AND COSTING
1. Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its
feasibility can be determined i..e whether the project could be
taken up with in the funds available or not.
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and to
arange contract.
4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the
execution of work.
5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds
available or not.
PROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR METHOD OF ESTIMATING.
Estimating involves the following operations
1. Preparing detailed Estimate.
2. Calculating the rate of each unit of work
3. Preparing abstract of estimate
DATA REQUIRED TO PREPARE AN ESTIMATE
1. Drawings i.e.plans, elevations, sections etc.
2. Specifications.
3. Rates.
jntuworldupdates.org Specworld.in
, Smartzworld.com Smartworld.asia
Introduction to the Subject 2
1.4.1 DRAWINGS
If the drawings are not clear and without complete dimensions the
prepa-ration of estimation become very difficult. So, It is very essential
before prepar-ing an estimate.
SPECIFICATIONS
a) General Specifications: This gives the nature, quality, class and
work and materials in general terms to be used in various parts of
wok. It helps no form a general idea of building.
b) Detailed Specifications: These gives the detailed description of the
vari-ous items of work laying down the Quantities and qualities of
materials, their proportions, the method of preparation
workmanship and execution of work.
RATES:
For preparing the estimate the unit rates of each item of work are
re-quired.
1. For arriving at the unit rates of each item.
2. The rates of various materials to be used in the construction.
3. The cost of transport materials.
4. The wages of labour, skilled or unskilled of masons, carpenters,
Mazdoor, etc.,
COMPLETE ESTIMATE:
Most of people think that the estimate of a structure includes cost of land,
cost of materials and labour, But many other direct and indirect costs included
and is shown below. The Complete Estimate
Cost of land P.s.and Legal expenses Cost of Structure
contingencies between owner
at 5% and contractor
Actual Cost of Cost of Brochorage Cost of Permit fees for
cost of Surveying Verification if any labour constrution water,
land of deeds and electricity from
execution of concerned autorities
deeds
cost of Consulting
materials Engineers
fees
cost for Cost of
preparation supervision
of plan,
estimate
and design
jntuworldupdates.org Specworld.in
LECTURE NOTES
ON
Estimating and Costing
IV B. Tech I semester (JNTUH-R13)
CIVIL ENGINEERING
jntuworldupdates.org Specworld.in
,Smartzworld.com Smartworld.asia
INDEX
S.No. Topic Page No.
01. Introduction to the subject 1 - 3
02. Measurement of Materials & Works 4 - 12
03. Types of Estimates 13 - 21
04. Detail & Abstract Estimates of Buildings 22 - 55
05. Analysis of Rates 56 - 73
06. Estimation of Quantities of Steel & RCC 74 - 80
Elements
07. Earth Work Calculations 81 - 95
08. Detailed Estimates 96 - 108
09. Appendix 09 - 115
jntuworldupdates.org Specworld.in
,Smartzworld.com Smartworld.asia
1 Estimation and Costing
Chapter INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT
1
DEFINITION OF ESTIMATING AND COSTING
Estimating is the technique of calculating or Computing the
various quantities and the expected Expenditure to be incurred on a
particular work or project.
In case the funds avilable are less than the estimated cost the work
is done in part or by reducing it or specifications are altered, the
following require-ment are necessary for preparing an estimate.
a) Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.
b) Detailed specifications about workmenship & properties of materials etc.
c) Standard schedule of rates of the current year.
NEED FOR ESTIMATION AND COSTING
1. Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its
feasibility can be determined i..e whether the project could be
taken up with in the funds available or not.
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and to
arange contract.
4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the
execution of work.
5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds
available or not.
PROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR METHOD OF ESTIMATING.
Estimating involves the following operations
1. Preparing detailed Estimate.
2. Calculating the rate of each unit of work
3. Preparing abstract of estimate
DATA REQUIRED TO PREPARE AN ESTIMATE
1. Drawings i.e.plans, elevations, sections etc.
2. Specifications.
3. Rates.
jntuworldupdates.org Specworld.in
, Smartzworld.com Smartworld.asia
Introduction to the Subject 2
1.4.1 DRAWINGS
If the drawings are not clear and without complete dimensions the
prepa-ration of estimation become very difficult. So, It is very essential
before prepar-ing an estimate.
SPECIFICATIONS
a) General Specifications: This gives the nature, quality, class and
work and materials in general terms to be used in various parts of
wok. It helps no form a general idea of building.
b) Detailed Specifications: These gives the detailed description of the
vari-ous items of work laying down the Quantities and qualities of
materials, their proportions, the method of preparation
workmanship and execution of work.
RATES:
For preparing the estimate the unit rates of each item of work are
re-quired.
1. For arriving at the unit rates of each item.
2. The rates of various materials to be used in the construction.
3. The cost of transport materials.
4. The wages of labour, skilled or unskilled of masons, carpenters,
Mazdoor, etc.,
COMPLETE ESTIMATE:
Most of people think that the estimate of a structure includes cost of land,
cost of materials and labour, But many other direct and indirect costs included
and is shown below. The Complete Estimate
Cost of land P.s.and Legal expenses Cost of Structure
contingencies between owner
at 5% and contractor
Actual Cost of Cost of Brochorage Cost of Permit fees for
cost of Surveying Verification if any labour constrution water,
land of deeds and electricity from
execution of concerned autorities
deeds
cost of Consulting
materials Engineers
fees
cost for Cost of
preparation supervision
of plan,
estimate
and design
jntuworldupdates.org Specworld.in
