PAEA EMERGENCY MEDICINE EOR EXAM QUESTIONS AND REVISED 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2023 UPDATES

PAEA EMERGENCY MEDICINE EOR EXAM QUESTIONS AND REVISED 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2023 UPDATES what is the most common cause of heart failure? specifically left sided? right sided? - ANSWER -MC is CAD (coronary artery disease) -L sided: *CAD* & HTN -R sided: *L sided HF* & pulmonary dz decreased ejection fraction, thin ventricular walls, dilated LV chamber, and an S3 gallop (filling of dilated ventricle) is associated with systolic or diastolic heart failure? - ANSWER systolic (MC form of CHF) *(the sound is actually heard in the diastole though) -memory trick: "sys-to-lic" 3 consonants = S3 normal ejection fraction, thick ventricular walls, narrowed LV chamber, and an S4 gallop (atrial contraction into a stiff ventricle) is associated with systolic or diastolic heart failure? - ANSWER diastolic -memory trick: "di-a-sto-lic" 4 consonants = S4 what are the causes of systolic vs diastolic heart failure? - ANSWER -systolic: post *MI*, *dilated cardiomyopathy*, myocarditis -diastolic: *HTN*, *LVH*, *elderly*, valvular heart dz, hypertrophic or restrictive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis when the metabolic demands of the body exceed normal cardiac function (d/t thyrotoxicosis, wet beriberi, severe anemia, AV shunting, Paget's disease of the bone) this is termed heart failure - ANSWER high-output *fairly uncommon -low-output HF is just d/t problem w/ myocardial contraction, ischemia, or chronic HTN what are some causes of acute vs chronic heart failure? - ANSWER -acute: *largely systolic*; hypertensive crisis, acute MI, papillary muscle rupture -chronic: dilated cardiomyopathy (systolic), valvular dz (diastolic) explain class I-IV New York Heart Association functional classes - ANSWER - class I: *no sx's*, *no limitation* during ordinary physical activity -class II: *mild sx's* (dyspnea or angina), *slight limitation* during ordinary activity -class III: *comfortable only at rest* (sx's caused maked limitation in activity even with minimal exertion