Control Of Cell Proliferation Disorders Of Growth Control
growth factors quiescent fetal growth regulated by insulin 4
◦ •
recruit is
cells into mitosis growth factors
•
growth inhibitors like p53 .
PIG or PRB ◦
reduced postnatal growth
↳ ↓
•
apoptosis inhibitors and inducers growth hormone . growth hormone
determine the fate of post -
mitotic receptors thyroid
.
hormone .
nutrition
4 emotional stress
Epidemiology of Neoplasia •
↑ excess growth hormones =
gigantism
◦
254 . individuals develop malignant
neoplasm
'
benign neoplasm are common
'
risk of m.tn ↑ IN / age
CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIGN & MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
BENIGN MALIGNANT
Rate Of Growth usually slow usually rapid
Border circulated / encapsulated usually irregular &
poorly defined
Differentiation
usually good variable . Often poor
Mitotic Activity low normal appearance
. high Often abnormal
.
Nuclear Features generally normal hyper chromatic pleomorphic
.
.
Often contain nucleoli
Necrosis
usually not often present
Local Stromal Invasion No Yes
Distant Metastasis No Possible
, MALIGNANT
BENIGN -
invasive
-
non-invasive -
capable of distant metastasis
slow growing rapidly
-
grow
-
well differentiated show variable differentiation
- -
NEOPLASMS
-FEEI-IIILEETC8
M ma
CARCINOMA SARCOMA
-
arises from epithelium
-
arises from connective tissue
-
most frequent malignant -
occurs over a wide age
neoplasm range
occur in ↑ 50 yrs of
age
-
a
growth factors quiescent fetal growth regulated by insulin 4
◦ •
recruit is
cells into mitosis growth factors
•
growth inhibitors like p53 .
PIG or PRB ◦
reduced postnatal growth
↳ ↓
•
apoptosis inhibitors and inducers growth hormone . growth hormone
determine the fate of post -
mitotic receptors thyroid
.
hormone .
nutrition
4 emotional stress
Epidemiology of Neoplasia •
↑ excess growth hormones =
gigantism
◦
254 . individuals develop malignant
neoplasm
'
benign neoplasm are common
'
risk of m.tn ↑ IN / age
CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIGN & MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
BENIGN MALIGNANT
Rate Of Growth usually slow usually rapid
Border circulated / encapsulated usually irregular &
poorly defined
Differentiation
usually good variable . Often poor
Mitotic Activity low normal appearance
. high Often abnormal
.
Nuclear Features generally normal hyper chromatic pleomorphic
.
.
Often contain nucleoli
Necrosis
usually not often present
Local Stromal Invasion No Yes
Distant Metastasis No Possible
, MALIGNANT
BENIGN -
invasive
-
non-invasive -
capable of distant metastasis
slow growing rapidly
-
grow
-
well differentiated show variable differentiation
- -
NEOPLASMS
-FEEI-IIILEETC8
M ma
CARCINOMA SARCOMA
-
arises from epithelium
-
arises from connective tissue
-
most frequent malignant -
occurs over a wide age
neoplasm range
occur in ↑ 50 yrs of
age
-
a
