Geography Exam Study Notes
Types of maps:
● Thematic map
● Topographic map
● General purpose map
Factors that affect climate:
● Latitude
● Elevation
● Air masses
● Prevailing winds
● Nearness to water
● Ocean currents
● Landforms
Latitude- Measures the distance from north to south from the equator.
Longitude- Measures the distance from east to west from the prime meridian.
Cenozoic Era- Oldest era, Unicellular organisms.
Canadian Shield- Largest landform region in Canada and home to many sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks.
Deciduous tree- Trees that their leaves fall off during a certain time of the year and regrow after.
Melting pot- A country that is mixed together, in the sense that they adopt the culture of where they are living. Ex) the
U.S.A. (if you meet someone from the U.S. and ask them where they are from, most of them will tell you they’re American,
even though they may not have been born there or they’re “something else”. While if you meet someone from Canada and
ask them where they are from, most of them will say they are Italian, German, etc, even though they’re also Canadian).
Ecozones- Areas distributed with a particular type of environment into different types of sections based on land, people,
etc.
Pangea- When the earth’s land was all together and fit like a puzzle.
Convection currents- Transferring heat from one place to another.
Weather- The present condition of the atmosphere.
Climate- The long-term pattern of weather.
, Multiculturalism- A place with many cultures and where people are encouraged to keep their culture and not adopt the one
of where they are now.
Balance of trade- The difference between exports and imports are with trade.
Developed countries- Rich countries (good economy).
Push factors- Things that push people away from a country. Ex) Poverty, war, discrimination/prejudice, low job
opportunities, hunger, weather, etc…
Protectionism- An imposition of trade barriers
Ecological footprint- measures how fast we consume resources and generate waste compared to how fast nature can absorb
our waste and generate resources.
Relief precipitation- Formed when air is forced to cool when it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or
mountains. As it rises it cools, condenses and forms rain.
Sustainable development- Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
Peacekeepers- Work to maintain peace and security, protect human rights and help restore the rule of law. They can be
members of the armed forces, police officers or civilian experts.
Demography- The study of the human population.
Net migration- The difference between immigration into and emigration from the area during the year.
Natural increase- Difference between the # of births and deaths (Birth Rate - Death Rate).
Imports- Bringing foreign products to the home country from another nation.
Exports- Selling of goods and services from the home country to a foreign nation.
C.M.As (Census Metropolitan Area)- “Big” places with many people living there and a population of over 100,000 people.
Ex) Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal.
J Tuzo Wilson- Made the theory (which was then proven to be true) that our plates are moving (Plate Tectonics).
Free trade- Trading without contracts, tariffs, or anything legally or fairly-related.
Glaciation- The process of something being covered by a glacier.
Pull factors- Things that pull people to a country. Ex) High job opportunities and health care, weather, family, etc…
Types of maps:
● Thematic map
● Topographic map
● General purpose map
Factors that affect climate:
● Latitude
● Elevation
● Air masses
● Prevailing winds
● Nearness to water
● Ocean currents
● Landforms
Latitude- Measures the distance from north to south from the equator.
Longitude- Measures the distance from east to west from the prime meridian.
Cenozoic Era- Oldest era, Unicellular organisms.
Canadian Shield- Largest landform region in Canada and home to many sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks.
Deciduous tree- Trees that their leaves fall off during a certain time of the year and regrow after.
Melting pot- A country that is mixed together, in the sense that they adopt the culture of where they are living. Ex) the
U.S.A. (if you meet someone from the U.S. and ask them where they are from, most of them will tell you they’re American,
even though they may not have been born there or they’re “something else”. While if you meet someone from Canada and
ask them where they are from, most of them will say they are Italian, German, etc, even though they’re also Canadian).
Ecozones- Areas distributed with a particular type of environment into different types of sections based on land, people,
etc.
Pangea- When the earth’s land was all together and fit like a puzzle.
Convection currents- Transferring heat from one place to another.
Weather- The present condition of the atmosphere.
Climate- The long-term pattern of weather.
, Multiculturalism- A place with many cultures and where people are encouraged to keep their culture and not adopt the one
of where they are now.
Balance of trade- The difference between exports and imports are with trade.
Developed countries- Rich countries (good economy).
Push factors- Things that push people away from a country. Ex) Poverty, war, discrimination/prejudice, low job
opportunities, hunger, weather, etc…
Protectionism- An imposition of trade barriers
Ecological footprint- measures how fast we consume resources and generate waste compared to how fast nature can absorb
our waste and generate resources.
Relief precipitation- Formed when air is forced to cool when it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or
mountains. As it rises it cools, condenses and forms rain.
Sustainable development- Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
Peacekeepers- Work to maintain peace and security, protect human rights and help restore the rule of law. They can be
members of the armed forces, police officers or civilian experts.
Demography- The study of the human population.
Net migration- The difference between immigration into and emigration from the area during the year.
Natural increase- Difference between the # of births and deaths (Birth Rate - Death Rate).
Imports- Bringing foreign products to the home country from another nation.
Exports- Selling of goods and services from the home country to a foreign nation.
C.M.As (Census Metropolitan Area)- “Big” places with many people living there and a population of over 100,000 people.
Ex) Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal.
J Tuzo Wilson- Made the theory (which was then proven to be true) that our plates are moving (Plate Tectonics).
Free trade- Trading without contracts, tariffs, or anything legally or fairly-related.
Glaciation- The process of something being covered by a glacier.
Pull factors- Things that pull people to a country. Ex) High job opportunities and health care, weather, family, etc…
