NURS FUNDA EXAM: FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND
ACID-BASE BALANCE QUESTIONS WITH CORECT
ANSWERS 2023 A+
:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.A patient has dehydration. While planning care, the nurse considers that the majority of the
patient’s total water volume exists in with compartment?
a. Intracellular
b. Extracellular
c. Intravascular
d. Transcellular
ANS: A
Intracellular (inside the cells) fluid accounts for approximately two thirds of total body water.
Extracellular (outside the cells) is approximately one third of the total body water. Intravascular
fluid (liquid portion of the blood) and transcellular fluid are two major divisions of the
extracellular compartment.
2. The nurse is teaching about the process of passively moving water from an area of lower
particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration. Which process is the
nurse describing?
a. Osmosis
b. Filtration
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport
ANS: A
The process of moving water from an area of low particle concentration to an area of higher
particle concentration is known as osmosis. Filtration is mediated by fluid pressure from an area
of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. Diffusion is passive movement of electrolytes or
other particles down the concentration gradient (from areas of higher concentration to areas of
lower concentration). Active transport requires energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate
,NURS FUNDA EXAM: FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND
ACID-BASE BALANCE QUESTIONS WITH CORECT
ANSWERS 2023 A+
(ATP) to move electrolytes across cell membranes against the concentration gradient (from areas
of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration).
3. The nurse observes edema in a patient who has venous congestion from right heart failure.
Which type of pressure facilitated the formation of the patient’s edema?
a. Osmotic
b. Oncotic
c. Hydrostatic
d. Concentration
ANS: C
Venous congestion increases capillary hydrostatic pressure. Increased hydrostatic pressure
causes edema by causing increased movement of fluid into the interstitial area. Osmotic and
oncotic pressures involve the concentrations of solutes and can contribute to edema in other
situations, such as inflammation or malnutrition. Concentration pressure is not a nursing term.
4. The nurse administers an intravenous (IV) hypertonic solution to a patient. In which
direction will the fluid shift?
a. From intracellular to extracellular
b. From extracellular to intracellular
c. From intravascular to intracellular
d. From intravascular to interstitial
ANS: A
Hypertonic solutions will move fluid from the intracellular to the extracellular (intravascular). A
hypertonic solution has a concentration greater than normal body fluids, so water will shift out of
cells because of the osmotic pull of the extra particles. Movement of water from the extracellular
(intravascular) into cells (intracellular) occurs when hypotonic fluids are administered.
Distribution of fluid between intravascular and interstitial spaces occurs by filtration, the net sum
of hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.
, NURS FUNDA EXAM: FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND
ACID-BASE BALANCE QUESTIONS WITH CORECT
ANSWERS 2023 A+
5.A nurse is preparing to start peripheral intravenous (IV) therapy. In which order will the nurse
perform the steps starting with the first one?
1. Clean site.
2. Select vein.
3. Apply tourniquet.
4. Release tourniquet.
5. Reapply tourniquet.
6. Advance and secure.
7. Insert vascular access device.
a. 1, 3, 2, 7, 5, 4, 6
b. 1, 3, 2, 5, 7, 6, 4
c. 3, 2, 1, 5, 7, 6, 4
d. 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 7, 6
ANS: D
The steps for inserting an intravenous catheter are as follows: Apply tourniquet; select vein;
release tourniquet; clean site; reapply tourniquet; insert vascular access device; and advance and
secure.
6. The nurse is reviewing laboratory results. Which cation will the nurse observe
is the mostabundant in the blood?
a. Sodium
b. Chloride
c. Potassium
d. Magnesium
ANS: A
ACID-BASE BALANCE QUESTIONS WITH CORECT
ANSWERS 2023 A+
:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.A patient has dehydration. While planning care, the nurse considers that the majority of the
patient’s total water volume exists in with compartment?
a. Intracellular
b. Extracellular
c. Intravascular
d. Transcellular
ANS: A
Intracellular (inside the cells) fluid accounts for approximately two thirds of total body water.
Extracellular (outside the cells) is approximately one third of the total body water. Intravascular
fluid (liquid portion of the blood) and transcellular fluid are two major divisions of the
extracellular compartment.
2. The nurse is teaching about the process of passively moving water from an area of lower
particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration. Which process is the
nurse describing?
a. Osmosis
b. Filtration
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport
ANS: A
The process of moving water from an area of low particle concentration to an area of higher
particle concentration is known as osmosis. Filtration is mediated by fluid pressure from an area
of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. Diffusion is passive movement of electrolytes or
other particles down the concentration gradient (from areas of higher concentration to areas of
lower concentration). Active transport requires energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate
,NURS FUNDA EXAM: FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND
ACID-BASE BALANCE QUESTIONS WITH CORECT
ANSWERS 2023 A+
(ATP) to move electrolytes across cell membranes against the concentration gradient (from areas
of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration).
3. The nurse observes edema in a patient who has venous congestion from right heart failure.
Which type of pressure facilitated the formation of the patient’s edema?
a. Osmotic
b. Oncotic
c. Hydrostatic
d. Concentration
ANS: C
Venous congestion increases capillary hydrostatic pressure. Increased hydrostatic pressure
causes edema by causing increased movement of fluid into the interstitial area. Osmotic and
oncotic pressures involve the concentrations of solutes and can contribute to edema in other
situations, such as inflammation or malnutrition. Concentration pressure is not a nursing term.
4. The nurse administers an intravenous (IV) hypertonic solution to a patient. In which
direction will the fluid shift?
a. From intracellular to extracellular
b. From extracellular to intracellular
c. From intravascular to intracellular
d. From intravascular to interstitial
ANS: A
Hypertonic solutions will move fluid from the intracellular to the extracellular (intravascular). A
hypertonic solution has a concentration greater than normal body fluids, so water will shift out of
cells because of the osmotic pull of the extra particles. Movement of water from the extracellular
(intravascular) into cells (intracellular) occurs when hypotonic fluids are administered.
Distribution of fluid between intravascular and interstitial spaces occurs by filtration, the net sum
of hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.
, NURS FUNDA EXAM: FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND
ACID-BASE BALANCE QUESTIONS WITH CORECT
ANSWERS 2023 A+
5.A nurse is preparing to start peripheral intravenous (IV) therapy. In which order will the nurse
perform the steps starting with the first one?
1. Clean site.
2. Select vein.
3. Apply tourniquet.
4. Release tourniquet.
5. Reapply tourniquet.
6. Advance and secure.
7. Insert vascular access device.
a. 1, 3, 2, 7, 5, 4, 6
b. 1, 3, 2, 5, 7, 6, 4
c. 3, 2, 1, 5, 7, 6, 4
d. 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 7, 6
ANS: D
The steps for inserting an intravenous catheter are as follows: Apply tourniquet; select vein;
release tourniquet; clean site; reapply tourniquet; insert vascular access device; and advance and
secure.
6. The nurse is reviewing laboratory results. Which cation will the nurse observe
is the mostabundant in the blood?
a. Sodium
b. Chloride
c. Potassium
d. Magnesium
ANS: A
